An App for Classifying the Trend Magnitudes and the Multiple Infection Rates(MIR) of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Countries/Regions: A Data-Driven Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Wei-Chih Kan ◽  
Yu-Tsen Yeh ◽  
Shu-Chun Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cutting Point ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND An outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hits the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of China as well as foreign countries. An online dashboard regularly updating the worldwide status of the coronavirus outbreak would be beneficial to the public understanding of the almost-real-time 2019-nCoV situation. Some online dashboards were equipped with wow-features on a world map. However, only displaying the case numbers of the outbreak across countries/provinces/regions is insufficient to the public. The trends of the outbreak and variations of multiple infection rate (MIR) would be greatly informative in displaying on a dashboard in the form of an app. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) present the MIR in comparison for each counties/regions, (2) develop an algorithm that classifies entities into four clusters (e.g., ready to rise, increasing, slowing down, and ready to decrease with four steps and quadrants named 4SQ diagram for short) shown on Google Maps, and (3) design an app for better understanding the outbreak situation. METHODS We downloaded 2019-nCoV outbreak numbers in countries/regions on a daily basis from Google Sheet that contains information on confirmed cases in more than 30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. Choropleth maps and Kano diagrams were drawn based on the 4SQ diagram. The Kano diagram was applied to present the classification feature for each country/region using a dashboard presenting on Google Maps. One novel presentation was used to identify the recent MIR changes across sectors. Four clusters of the 2019-nCoV outbreak were dynamically classified. The other four basic features were involved including (1) an overall visual display on case counts, (2) a choropleth map, (3) daily MIR trend changes, and (4)three-type trend charts. The Separation Index (SI) was applied to assess the role Hubei(China) played in the outbreak situation. An app aimed for public understandings based on a dashboard to classify and visualize with Google Maps was introduced. RESULTS We made improvements on the display of classification of the outbreak and the death rate for each region, for example, 2.01% and 2.87% for all cases and Hubei(China) only, respectively. Three-type trend-charts were automatically linked to choropleth maps and the Kano diagrams in near real-time. Importantly, the sequential trend for each region on a daily basis classifies outbreak attributes (e.g., Japan was increasing and Taiwan ready to rise on February 6, 2019). The SI for Hubei(China) reaches 0.96, extremely higher than the cutting point at 0.7. The highest MIR(=0.26) was British Columbia(Canada) on February 9, 2020. CONCLUSIONS The unique features for display the outbreak situation of the 2019-nCoV were proposed in this study. Visualizations using the 4SQ diagram, SI, and the MIR based on time series were present displaying dashboards on Google Maps. An app developed for visualizing the data is required for application in the future.

An App for Comparing the Epidemic Impacts in Continents and Trends of the Confirmed Cases on COVID-19 using the Online Rasch Model: An Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Online Algorithm ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Line Chart ◽  
Weighted Score ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND When a novel coronavirus (e.g., COVID-19) starts to spread, two of the most frequently asked questions are about (1) the overall trend of daily confirmed cases increasing or decreasing during the on-going outbreak epidemic and (2) the worst-hit continents for COVID-19 in the recent weeks. Finding the trend of the outbreak spread and the epidemic impacts on continents amid COVID-19 is continuously an urgent concern. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) inspect the epidemic trend over days, (2) develop an online algorithm to draw the epidemic impacts for COVID-19 among continents, and (3) design an app for a better understanding of the outbreak situation on Google Maps. METHODS We downloaded the COVID-19 outbreak numbers from Jun 24 to July 13, 2020, from Github that contains the number of confirmed cases in countries/regions. Three methods were used to compare differences in COVID-19-struck measures, including (1)the traditional summation score, (2) the Rasch logit score, and (3) the weighted score(i.e., adjusted by the estimated variance). Rasch model was applied to estimate the overall item (i.e., day) difficulties and the COVID-19-struck measures for all countries/areas. The epidemic trend was assessed by the correlation coefficient (CC) computed by the item difficulties over the observed days. An online algorithm based on the Rasch model was built for displaying the outbreak trend and the epidemic effects in comparison for continents using the forest tree plot and the analysis of variance(ANOVA). An app was developed to understand the daily epidemic trends on Google Maps. RESULTS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CONCLUSIONS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CLINICALTRIAL Nil

An App for Inspecting the Epidemic Trend of the Confirmed Cases on COVID-19 using the Online Rasch Model and Strength Coefficients(SC): An Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chih Kan ◽  
Jui-Chung John Lin ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Online Algorithm ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Infected Case ◽  
Line Chart ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND When a novel coronavirus (e.g., COVID -19) starts to spread, one of the many questions asked is with regards to the trend of new confirmed cases increasing or decreasing during the on-going outbreak epidemic. Finding the turning point of the outbreak spread (i.e., from ascending to declining status) is continuously an urgent concern. Due to different weights (e.g.., an extremely high proportion of confirmed cases in Hubei, China) of the cases confirmed in countries/regions, using either the overall total number or a partially small portion of the infected-case regions to determine the turning point (e.g., the trend to decline) is problematic and unreliable. Rasch analysis used for examining individual performances of school students was thus considered as a tool to inspect the epidemic trend through the pattern of item (e.g., day in epidemic) difficulties over days. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) inspect the epidemic trend by performing Rasch model and observing the pattern of item difficulties over days, (2) develop an online algorithm to draw the trend plot, and (3) design an app for a better understanding of the outbreak situation on Google Maps. METHODS We downloaded the COVID-19 outbreak numbers from January 21 to February 27, 2020, from Github that contains information on confirmed cases in more than 30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. Item (i.e., day) difficulties based on the recent 20 days were calibrated using the Rasch model. All responses were derived from the ordinal scores by using the logarithm function (i.e.., round(ln(confirmed cases),0) from 0 to 5). The epidemic trend was assessed by the correlation coefficients (CC) computed by the item difficulties along with the time points of days. The recent several CCs were plotted with a line chart. An online algorithm based on the Rasch model was built for displaying the outbreak trend on a daily basis. A strength coefficient(SC) was complemented to examine the outliers for each region in the recent three days. An app was developed to understand the daily epidemic trends on Google Maps. RESULTS The CCs measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties have been monotonously increased from -0.28(start from Feb. 8) to 0.36(till Feb. 27), indicating the epidemic trend has gradually declined. However, the trend out of China is increasing with the CC=-0.88. The SC was taken into consideration in three countries/regions: Italy(=0.87), Iran(0.59), and Shandong(China)(=0.58) on Feb. 21, 2020. A line chart was drawn online using item difficulties calibrated by the Rasch model for examining the epidemic trend. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CONCLUSIONS We created an online Rasch modeling algorithm that can calibrate daily item difficulties and then draw a line chart to analyze the epidemic trend. The SC is complemental to the trend observation. An app developed for displaying the epidemic trend helps us better understand the outbreak situation. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

scholarly journals Using the absolute advantage coefficient (AAC) to measure the strength of damage hit by COVID-19 in India on a growth-share matrix

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daw-Hsin Yang ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Yu-Tsen Yeh ◽  
Ting-Ya Yang ◽  
Willy Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Four Quadrant ◽  
Absolute Advantage

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic occurred and rapidly spread around the world. Some online dashboards have included essential features on a world map. However, only transforming data into visualizations for countries/regions is insufficient for the public need. This study aims to (1) develop an algorithm for classifying countries/regions into four quadrants inn GSM and (2) design an app for a better understanding of the COVID-19 situation. Methods We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers daily from the Github website, including 189 countries/regions. A four-quadrant diagram was applied to present the classification of each country/region using Google Maps run on dashboards. A novel presentation scheme was used to identify the most struck entities by observing (1) the multiply infection rate (MIR) and (2) the growth trend in the recent 7 days. Four clusters of the COVID-19 outbreak were dynamically classified. An app based on a dashboard aimed at public understanding of the outbreak types and visualizing of the COVID-19 pandemic with Google Maps run on dashboards. The absolute advantage coefficient (AAC) was used to measure the damage hit by COVID-19 referred to the next two countries severely hit by COVID-19. Results We found that the two hypotheses were supported: India (i) is in the increasing status as of April 28, 2021; (ii) has a substantially higher ACC(= 0.81 > 0.70), and (iii) has a substantially higher ACC(= 0.66 < 0.70) as of May 17, 2021. Conclusion Four clusters of the COVID-19 outbreak were dynamically classified online on an app making the public understand the outbreak types of COVID-19 pandemic shown on dashboards. The app with GSM and AAC is recommended for researchers in other disease outbreaks, not just limited to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Using the Absolute Advantage Coefficient(AAC) to Measure the Strength of Damage Hit by COVID-19 in India on a Growth-Share Matrix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daw-Hsin Yang ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Yu-Tsen Yeh ◽  
Ting-Ya Yang ◽  
Willy Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Four Quadrant ◽  
Absolute Advantage

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic occurred and rapidly spread around the world. Some online dashboards have included essential features on a world map. However, only transforming data into visualizations for countries/regions is insufficient for the public need. This study aims to (1) develop an algorithm for classifying countries/regions into four quadrants inn GSM and (2) design an app for a better understanding of the COVID-19 situation.Methods: We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers daily from the Github website, including 189 countries/regions. A four-quadrant diagram was applied to present the classification of each country/region using Google Maps run on dashboards. A novel presentation scheme was used to identify the most struck entities by observing (1) the multiply infection rate(MIR) and (2) the growth trend in the recent seven days. Four clusters of the COVID-19 outbreak were dynamically classified. An app based on a dashboard aimed at public understanding of the outbreak types and visualizing of the COVID-19 pandemic with Google Maps run on dashboards. The absolute advantage coefficient(AAC) was used to measure the damage hit by COVID-19 referred to the next two countries severely hit by COVID-19.Results: We found that the two hypotheses were supported: India (i) is in the increasing status as of April 28, 2021, (ii) has a substantially higher ACC(=0.81>0.70), and (iii) has a substantially higher ACC(=0.66<0.70) as of May 17,2021. Conclusion: Four clusters of the COVID-19 outbreak were dynamically classified online on an app making the public understand the outbreak types of COVID-19 pandemic shown on dashboards. The app with GSM and AAC is recommended for researchers in other disease outbreaks, not just limited to COVID-19.

Modern Day Trojan Horse

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Zahra Sina ◽  
Nadia Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
The Public

Personal hygiene products are used on a daily basis by many people. Many are comparable to the Trojan horse. On the outside, they appear to be harmless. They are contained in attractive bottles and they rely on misleading ads to attract consumers. However, these products may contain potentially harmful chemicals and many people are unaware of how individuals, societies and environments are affected in the various stages of the life cycle of many personal hygiene products. Our STSE issue deals with an everyday product that falls under the Trojan horse analogy–lotion. We are concerned that our peers and other young adults are purchasing lotions without the knowledge of how they came to stand on the shelves of a store. We conducted a correlation study between gender and popular lotion brands among teenagers and the reasons behind their choices. We came to the conclusion that more females than males were interested in popular lotion brands due to enticing features that targets mainly feminine interests (e.g. scent is an aspect of lotion that more females than males consider when purchasing the brand). For our actions, we prepared an educational mind-map on our issue and a video compilation where we interviewed female students on their reactions to various lotion brand commercials. Our actions are meant to inform the public about the controversies surrounding our issue and the techniques companies use to gain the attention of potential consumers.

Design of Portable Electrocardiograph Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hua-Ping ◽  
Zhao Jun-Long ◽  
Liu Jun
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Ecg Data

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major diseases that threaten the human health. But the existing electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring system has many limitations in practical application. In order to monitor ECG in real time, a portable ECG monitoring system based on the Android platform is developed to meet the needs of the public. The system uses BMD101 ECG chip to collect and process ECG signals in the Android system, where data storage and waveform display of ECG data can be realized. The Bluetooth HC-07 module is used for ECG data transmission. The abnormal ECG can be judged by P wave, QRS bandwidth, and RR interval. If abnormal ECG is found, an early warning mechanism will be activated to locate the user’s location in real time and send preset short messages, so that the user can get timely treatment, avoiding dangerous occurrence. The monitoring system is convenient and portable, which brings great convenie to the life of ordinary cardiovascular users.

Coronavirus: Towards controlling of the pandemic - Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

L'importance des outils de planification forestière dans les opérations de relations publiques en Suisse | The importance of forestry planning tools in public relations operation in Switzerland

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Christina Giesch Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Management Plan ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Forestry Services ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The current study examines the importance of planning and management documents (notably the forest management plan and the regional forest plan) for public relations purposes. 17 people (15 forest engineers and 2 forest guards) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results of our survey show that some of the information used for public relations is taken from the planning documents. The forest management plan is primarily considered to be an internal document, but it also provides information on the objectives of forest enterprises, justifications of the planned measures, numbers and maps. The regional forest plan contributes to the public relations in three ways: its content provides information about objectives, description of forest functions, projects and measures. In addition, the participation of the public in the process of elaborating this plan is an ideal opportunity to heighten awareness in society and further public understanding of the forest and forestry services. Finally, as the regional forest management plan is in the public domain, it functions as a type of «show case» of the forest service.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

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