scholarly journals Death Anxiety in a National Sample of United States Funeral Directors and its Relationship with Death Exposure, Age, and Sex

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Harrawood ◽  
Lyle J. White ◽  
John J. Benshoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Exposure Age ◽  
Death Exposure ◽  
Age And Sex

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of death anxiety among a national sample of United States funeral directors with varying levels of death exposure, age, and sex. Utilizing the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS), the results showed a significant, but weak negative relationship between levels of death anxiety and the participants' reported number of funerals attended per year. The correlation between death anxiety scores and the number of reported embalming cases performed yearly was, however, not significant. We found a significant negative correlation between death anxiety and age in both men and women funeral directors. The difference in the death anxiety scores between men ( n = 166) and women ( n = 38) funeral directors was not significant. There was a significant negative correlation with age in both men and women in several fears of death including fear of the dying process, fear for significant others, and fear of premature death. The significant negative correlations were stronger for women than men across all three subscales. Results, direction for further research, and implications of the findings for mental health workers are discussed.

Relations among Nightmare Frequency and Ego Strength, Death Anxiety, and Sex of College Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Levin
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to investigate empirically the relationship between self-reports of nightmare frequency and ego strength and death anxiety in both men and women. In addition, the interrelations among these variables were assessed. 20 undergraduates with high frequencies of nightmares and 20 with low frequencies (10 men and 10 women per group) were administered the Barron Ego Strength Scale and a death anxiety scale. Significant differences were found between nightmare groups on the Barron scale for men and women but none on the death anxiety scale either by nightmare frequency or sex. A significant negative correlation of -.47 between death anxiety and ego strength was found for women and in one high frequency group. Women with high frequencies of nightmares showed the highest correlation, -.83. These data suggest that nightmare frequency may be a mediating factor in the relationship between ego strength, death anxiety, and sex of subject.

Death Anxiety Scale Means and Standard Deviations for Ontario Undergraduates and Funeral Directors

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette H. Schell ◽  
J. Terence Zinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Community College ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Funeral Service ◽  
The Stability

Templer's Death Anxiety Scale is a 15-item true-false inventory designed to assess death anxiety in individuals. This procedure, developed and tested in the United States, has here been applied to a Canadian sample of 340 respondents: 42 community college computer science students, 93 university students, 56 community college funeral service students, and 149 licensed funeral service directors in Ontario. In doing so, the stability of previous USA findings and the reliability and generalizability of the instrument have also been investigated. The instrument was distributed to all respondents by mail. A major finding was that funeral directors appear to have lower death anxiety than college students. Implications of this research along educational lines are discussed.

On the Relationship between Meaning in Life and Boredom Proneness: Examining a Logotherapy Postulate

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. A. Melton ◽  
Stefan E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Viktor Frankl ◽  
Boredom Proneness ◽  
The Relationship

Logotherapy, developed by Viktor Frankl, posits that when one lacks meaning in life, boredom can result. Thus, the two constructs should be inversely related. To examine this relationship, 279 students ( M = 19.8 yr., SD = 2.6; 179 women, 98 men) from a university in the southern United States were administered the Purpose of Life test and the Boredom Proneness Scale. As expected, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the scores on the two scales ( r = -.71). Directions for research are offered.

Relations among Nightmare Frequency and Ego Strength, Death Anxiety, and Sex of College Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Levin
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to investigate empirically the relationship between self-reports of nightmare frequency and ego strength and death anxiety in both men and women. In addition, the interrelations among these variables were assessed. 20 undergraduates with high frequencies of nightmares and 20 with low frequencies (10 men and 10 women per group) were administered the Barron Ego Strength Scale and a death anxiety scale. Significant differences were found between nightmare groups on the Barron scale for men and women but none on the death anxiety scale either by nightmare frequency or sex. A significant negative correlation of −.47 between death anxiety and ego strength was found for women and in one high frequency group. Women with high frequencies of nightmares showed the highest correlation, −.83. These data suggest that nightmare frequency may be a mediating factor in the relationship between ego strength, death anxiety, and sex of subject.

Death Anxiety: Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Cigarette Smoking

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald I. Templer
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Neuroticism Scale

There were significant positive correlations between the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory but not with the Extraversion Scale of this inventory. The mean DAS score of cigarette smokers was neither significantly different from that of non-smokers nor from that of ex-smokers. However, within the cigarette smoking group, there was a significant negative correlation (r = −.25) between DAS score and number of cigarettes smoked per day.

Relationship between Body-Image and Self-Consciousness

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelmina H. Theron ◽  
Elizabeth M. Nel ◽  
Andria J. Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a relation between body-image and self-consciousness and if there are any sex differences on measures of these two concepts. A total of 267 undergraduates, 56 men and 211 women whose ages ranged from 19 to 25 years, were tested. Analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between body-image and self-consciousness and between body-image and social anxiety. Private and public self-consciousness correlated positively with each other as well as with social anxiety. Men and women differed significantly on social anxiety only.

Correlates of Willingness to Die for One's Religion and One's Country in American and Filipino Populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbert L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
Group Belief ◽  
Highly Correlated

A population of 780 Filipinos and 398 Americans were compared across cultural and religious groups on variables of willingness to die for one's religious beliefs and willingness to die for one's country. A significantly higher percentage of Filipinos as compared to American respondents acknowledged their willingness to die for their religious beliefs and for their country. Death anxiety and death depression had a significant negative correlation with willingness to die for one's religious beliefs in the American Protestant group but not for the American Catholics or Filipinos. For Americans being male correlated significantly with their willingness to die for their country. For Protestants religious variables related to strength of attachment to their belief system were highly correlated with willingness to die for their religious beliefs but not with their willingness to die for their country. Willingness to die appears specifically related to a belief or social group. Belief in an afterlife is one variable that showed a relatively consistent relationship between the questions of willingness to die for one's religion and willingness to die for one's country.

Death Anxiety, State and Trait Anxiety in Kuwaitian Samples

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Maher Mahmoud Omar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

200 male and 277 female undergraduates at the University of Kuwait completed the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and Spielberger, et al.'s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for which retest reliabilities were adequate. Women had higher mean scores than men on death and trait anxiety but they were similar in state anxiety. The mean death anxiety score for Kuwaitians was very close to that of Egyptians. There was similarity in death anxiety between Kuwaitian and United States men, but not women. Significant differences appeared on trait anxiety, showing the order from low to high mean scores: United States, Kuwaitian, and Egyptian university students. Correlations among the scales were significant; however, the correlation between state and trait anxiety was higher than that between death anxiety and both state and trait anxiety for men and women. Death anxiety was associated more closely with trait than with state anxiety.

Thrombin generation in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S61-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cvirn ◽  
A. Rosenkranz ◽  
B. Leschnik ◽  
W. Raith ◽  
W. Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

SummaryThrombin generation was studied in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in terms of the lag time until the onset of thrombin formation, time to thrombin peak maximum (TTP), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and thrombin peak height. The suitability to determine the coagulation status of these patients was investigated. Patients, material, methods: CAT data of 40 patients with CHD (age range from newborn to 18 years) were compared to data using standard coagulation parameters such as prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F 1.2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between ETP and FII (p < 0.01; r = 0.369), as well as between peak height and F II (p < 0.01; r = 0.483). A significant negative correlation was seen between ETP and TFPI values (p < 0.05; r = –0.225) while no significant correlation was seen between peak height and TFPI. A significant negative correlation was seen between F 1.2 generation and ETP (p < 0.05; r = –0.254) and between F 1.2 generation and peak height (p < 0.05; r = –0.236). No correlation was seen between AT and ETP or peak. Conclusions: CAT is a good global test reflecting procoagulatory and inhibitory factors of the haemostatic system in paediatric patients with CHD.

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