Higher Hazard Substances under the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act: Lessons from the First Four Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Massey ◽  
Heather Tenney ◽  
Elizabeth Harriman
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Toxics Use Reduction ◽  
Lower Hazard ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) has achieved significant reductions in toxic chemical use in Massachusetts, using a combination of regulatory and voluntary measures. Historically the program has regulated only users of relatively large quantities of toxic chemicals, with services provided to facilities of all sizes on a voluntary basis. Statutory amendments adopted in 2006 created an authority to designate Higher and Lower Hazard Substances (HHS and LHS). The HHS designation extends TURA program requirements to smaller quantity chemical users. This article reports on experiences from the first four years of implementing this new authority. A case study of trichloroethylene is provided as an example. The article also discusses steps taken to regulate n-propyl bromide, a drop-in substitute for TCE that is minimally regulated at the federal level. TURA program experiences may be of interest to other jurisdictions that are working to reach small-quantity chemical users, and to categorize and prioritize chemicals.

Toxic Chemical Pollution of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) and its Upper Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Estuarine Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Water ◽  
St Lawrence River

Decline of the Beluga whale population in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River may be related to the high content of toxic metals and organic chemicals in their tissues. For three years, the National Water Research Institute has conducted research cruises of the St. Lawrence River to identify the major toxic chemical pollutants in the river and to determine their transport to, and fate in, the upper estuary. The impact of toxic chemicals in the estuarine zone is tied not only to their fate in the increasing salinity and turbidity zone of the upper estuary but to their source, transport mechanisms, and fate in the upstream river.

scholarly journals A Schematic Method for Sustainable Material Selection of Toxic Chemicals in Design and Manufacturing

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Y. Yuan ◽  
David A. Dornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Sustainable Material ◽  
Human Health Impact ◽  
Design And Manufacturing

Toxic chemicals used in product design and manufacturing are grave concerns due to their toxic impact on human health. Implementing sustainable material selection strategies on toxic chemicals can substantially improve the sustainability of products in both design and manufacturing processes. In this paper, a schematic method is presented for characterizing and benchmarking the human health impact of toxic chemicals, as a visual aid to facilitate decision-making in the material selection process for sustainable design and manufacturing. In this schematic method, the human health impact of a toxic chemical is characterized by two critical parameters: daily exposure risk R and environmental persistence T. The human health impact of a toxic chemical is represented by its position in the R−T two-dimensional plot, which enables the screening and benchmarking of toxic chemicals to be easily made through comparing their relative positions in the characterization plot. A case study is performed on six toxic chemicals commonly used as solvents for cleaning and degreasing in product development and manufacturing.

scholarly journals One Environmental Health: an emerging perspective in toxicology

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pérez ◽  
John Pierce Wise Sr.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Environmental Health Research ◽  
Carcinogenic Metals ◽  
The One

The One Environmental Health research approach, a subspecialty of the One Health initiative, focuses on toxic chemicals. Distinct disciplines work together to give a holistic perspective of a health concern through discrete disciplines, including, but not limited to, public health and the medical and veterinary sciences. In this article, we illustrate the concept of One Environmental Health with two case studies. One case study focuses on alligators and contributions to the field of endocrine disruption. The other case study focuses on whales and contributions to understanding carcinogenic metals. Both studies illustrate how the health of sentinel organisms has the potential to inform about the health of humans and the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effect of organophosphorus compounds on the external respiratory function in rats during intratracheal and intraperitoneal administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Kryazhevskikh ◽  
Aleksey A. Kryazhevskikh ◽  
Svetlana N. Subbotina ◽  
Nataliia A. Sklyarova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Lethal Doses

Due to the increasing influence of chemical factors on the human body, the experiment has been conducted using organophosphorus compounds (OPC) to stimulate poisoning cases in the production facilities. Given that the development of respiratory failure is a specific organophosphate poisoning symptom, a comparative analysis of external respiratory function (ERF) in rats with intratracheal and intraperitoneal administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) has been carried out. During the research, the average lethal doses of the toxic chemicals have been established, the conditions of DFP intoxication have been modeled. Thus, LD16 was 0.284 mg/kg by intratracheal administration, 1.6 mg/kg by intraperitoneal administration. Experimental data have shown that the intratracheal intake of OPC causes the development of respiratory failure in the first minutes after poisoning. The return of the ERF indicators to the background values was noted a day after poisoning. With the intraperitoneal administration of the toxic chemical, the rate of development of ERF disorders was lower, toxic effects persisted for two days. The data obtained can be used to make appropriate recommendations for the prevention of accidents and non-emergency cases in a production facility.

scholarly journals Toxic Chemical Governance Failure in the United States: Key Lessons and Paths Forward

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana M Chiapella ◽  
Zbigniew J Grabowski ◽  
Mary Ann Rozance ◽  
Ashlie D Denton ◽  
Manar A Alattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Production Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractOver 40 years of regulations in the United States have failed to protect human and environmental health. We contend that these failures result from the flawed governance over the continued production, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals. To address this failure, we need to identify the broader social, political, and technological processes producing, knowing, and regulating toxic chemicals, collectively referred to as toxic chemical governance. To do so, we create a conceptual framework covering five key domains of governance: knowledge production, policy design, monitoring and enforcement, evaluation, and adjudication. Within each domain, social actors of varying power negotiate what constitutes acceptable risk, creating longer-term path dependencies in how they are addressed (or not). Using existing literature and five case studies, we discuss four paths for improving governance: evolving paradigms of harm, addressing bias in the knowledge base, making governance more equitable, and overcoming path dependency.

THE FUTURE OF TEACHER EDUCATION: REFLECTIONS ON AN INNOVATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
David Lynch ◽  
Richard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The State ◽  
School Outcomes ◽  
Teacher Education Reform ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Change Effect

This article is about teacher education reform. At the time of writing, teacher education (which is predominately the domain of universities in Australia), has undergone numerous critical reviews with little change effect. The teaching profession's struggles to cope with a changing world has been documented and an increasing push from Australian governments, at both the state and federal level for improved school outcomes are regular pieces in the national Australian press. A cadre of teacher education commentators call for a rethink on teacher education. This article showcases a disruptive model in teacher education and answers some of the ponderings around what teacher education could be and how it could be organised differently for the different world in which teachers now have to operate. More specifically, the article examines the Bachelor of Learning Management (BLM) which was developed at CentralQueenslandUniversityin2000andisstillinoperationtoday. TheBLMwas the first major revision and redevelopment of teacher education in Australia in twenty five years: this fact alone makes the BLM an interesting case study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document