scholarly journals Serological evidence of Hepatitis E Virus infection in Antioquia, Colombia slaughtered pigs

2015 ◽  
pp. 4602-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Forero D ◽  
Cristian Gutiérrez V ◽  
Jaime Parra S ◽  
Guillermo Correa L ◽  
Berardo Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

ABSTRACTObjective. To detect the presence of specific antibodies against Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs slaughtered in Antioquia, the department where the greatest amount of pork is produced and consumed in Colombia. Materials and methods. Between September 2011 and May 2012, blood samples from pigs were obtained in five slaughterhouses of Antioquia, four of them located in the Aburrá Valley subregion and other located in northern subregión. Serum were evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit for diagnosing HEV in humans but adapted to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in pigs. Results. A 100.0% seropositivity for IgG antibodies was found in 1000 samples evaluated, and 82.06% for IgM antibodies were found in 740 samples. Conclusions. These results indicate that pigs in slaughter age in Antioquia, and possibly in Colombia, have been exposed to HEV at some point in their production process and a high percentage of them can arrive to slaughterhouses with recent infection.RESUMENObjetivo. Detectar la presencia de anticuerpos específicos contra el virus de la Hepatitis E (HEV) en cerdos faenados en Antioquia, departamento donde se produce y consume la mayor cantidad de carne de cerdo en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre septiembre de 2011 y mayo de 2012, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de cerdos en cinco plantas de faenado, cuatro de ellas ubicadas en el Valle de Aburrá y una en la subregión Norte del departamento de Antioquia, las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante un kit de ELISA comercial para diagnóstico de HEV en humanos pero adaptado para la detección de anticuerpos tipo IgG e IgM en cerdos. Resultados. Se encontró una seropositividad de 100.0% para anticuerpos tipo IgG en 1000 muestras evaluadas y de 82.06% para anticuerpos tipo IgM en 740 muestras. Una muestra de heces positiva para la detección del genoma HEV es similar al genotipo 3 encontrada en Estados Unidos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican que los cerdos en edad de faenado en Antioquia y posiblemente en Colombia, han tenido exposición a HEV del, un virus zoonótico emergente a nivel mundial, en algún momento de su proceso productivo.

scholarly journals An Optimized High-Throughput Neutralization Assay for Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Involving Detection of Secreted Porf2

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Zimin Tang ◽  
Guiping Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Potential Threshold

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Current methods for evaluating the neutralizing activity of HEV-specific antibodies include immunofluorescence focus assays (IFAs) and real-time PCR, which are insensitive and operationally complicated. Here, we developed a high-throughput neutralization assay by measuring secreted pORF2 levels using an HEV antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit based on the highly replicating HEV genotype (gt) 3 strain Kernow. We evaluated the neutralizing activity of HEV-specific antibodies and the sera of vaccinated individuals (n = 15) by traditional IFA and the novel assay simultaneously. A linear regression analysis shows that there is a high degree of correlation between the two assays. Furthermore, the anti-HEV IgG levels exhibited moderate correlation with the neutralizing titers of the sera of vaccinated individuals, indicating that immunization with gt 1 can protect against gt 3 Kernow infection. We then determined specificity of the novel assay and the potential threshold of neutralizing capacity using anti-HEV IgG positive sera (n = 27) and anti-HEV IgG negative sera (n = 23). The neutralizing capacity of anti-HEV IgG positive sera was significantly stronger than that of anti-HEV IgG negative. In addition, ROC curve analysis shows that the potential threshold of neutralizing capacity of sera was 8.07, and the sensitivity and specificity of the novel assay was 88.6% and 100%, respectively. Our results suggest that the neutralization assay using the antigen ELISA kit could be a useful tool for HEV clinical research.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Forestry Workers from Trentino-Alto Adige Region (Northern Italy)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Marina Monini ◽  
Fabio Ostanello ◽  
Alessandra Dominicis ◽  
Valentina Tagliapietra ◽  
Gabriele Vaccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Forestry Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Older Subjects

People with some occupational or recreational activities, such as hunters and veterinarians, may have increased risk to be infected by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The aim of the present study was to establish whether forestry workers could be considered at a higher risk of HEV infection than a control group. One hundred and fifty sera from forestry workers and a control group of 85 sera were analysed by anti-HEV IgG antibodies detection using a commercial ELISA kit. The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence was 14% for forestry workers and 9.4% for the control group. Comparing the risk of HEV infection in the two groups, there was no difference in the odds ratio. However, the seroprevalence in older subjects was higher in the forestry workers than in the control group. Two sera from forestry workers were also positive for anti-HEV IgM, and, in one of them, HEV-RNA was detected. Our findings showed an increase of seroprevalence with age, which is likely to reflect cumulative exposure to HEV over time. The occupation of forestry workers did not seem to be associated with a higher risk of HEV infection. The study provided new insights into the risk of acquiring HEV in occupational exposure workers with open-air activities.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in slaughter-age pigs in Scotland

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CROSSAN ◽  
S. GRIERSON ◽  
J. THOMSON ◽  
A. WARD ◽  
J. NUNEZ-GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
First Report ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThe prevalence of anti-HEV isotype-specific antibodies and viraemia were investigated in serum samples collected from slaughter-age pigs (aged 22–24 weeks) from 23 farms in Scotland. Of 176 serum samples tested, 29·0% (n = 51) were anti-HEV IgG positive, 36·9% (n = 65) anti-HEV IgA positive and 29·0% (n = 51) anti-HEV IgM positive. Overall seroprevalence (anti-HEV IgG+ and/or IgA+ and/or IgM+) was 61·4% (n = 108). HEV RNA was detected in 72/162 serum samples (44·4%). Partial sequence of ORF2 (98 nt) was obtained from eight HEV RNA-positive samples and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that they were all of genotype 3. This is the first report on the prevalence of HEV in pigs in Scotland. Given the increasing incidence of locally acquired HEV infection in the UK, evidence that HEV is a foodborne zoonosis emphasizes the need for surveillance in pigs.

scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection Among East Balkan Swine (Sus scrofa) in Bulgaria: Preliminary Results

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Ilia Tsachev ◽  
Magdalena Baymakova ◽  
Roman Pepovich ◽  
Nadezhda Palova ◽  
Plamen Marutsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The East Balkan swine (Sus scrofa) is the only aboriginal pig breed in Bulgaria, and it is indigenous to the eastern part of the country. The aim of the present study was to investigate East Balkan swine (EBS) in Bulgaria for serological evidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Sera from 171 swine from two parts of the country (northeastern and southeastern) were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. The overall HEV seroprevalence was 82.5% (141/171), and for weaners it was 77.2% (44/57), for fattening pigs 79.0% (45/57), and for adults 91.2% (52/57). HEV positivity was higher in fattening pigs and adults compared to weaners: OR = 1.108 (95% CI: 0.456–2.692) and OR = 3.073 (95% CI: 1.016–9.294), respectively. This study provides the first evidence of exposure to HEV in EBS from Bulgaria.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Christine Hanssen Rinaldo ◽  
Ingebjørg Helena Nymo ◽  
Javier Sánchez Romano ◽  
Eva Marie Breines ◽  
Francisco Javier Ancin Murguzur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Wild Reindeer

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of viral hepatitis in humans. In developing countries, HEV-infections seem to be mainly associated with pigs, but other animal species may be involved in viral transmission. Recently, anti-HEV antibodies were detected in Norwegian wild reindeer. Here, we investigated anti-HEV seroprevalence in Norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer, animals in closer contact with humans than their wild counterparts. Blood samples (n = 516) were obtained from eight reindeer herds during the period 2013–2017 and analysed with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay designed for detecting anti-HEV antibodies in livestock. Antibodies were found in all herds and for all sampling seasons. The overall seroprevalence was 15.7% (81/516), with adults showing a slightly higher seroprevalence (18.0%, 46/256) than calves (13.5%, 35/260, p = 0.11). The seroprevalence was not influenced by gender or latitude, and there was no temporal trend (p > 0.15). A positive association between the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and antibodies against alphaherpesvirus and pestivirus, detected in a previous screening, was found (p < 0.05). We conclude that Norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer are exposed to HEV or an antigenically similar virus. Whether the virus is affecting reindeer health or infects humans and poses a threat for human health remains unknown and warrants further investigations.

scholarly journals Double-Antigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus-Specific Antibodies in Human or Swine Sera

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Hu ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Nestor Amadeo Precioso ◽  
Hsiao Ying Chen ◽  
Teresa Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT A new double-antigen sandwich-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of total antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) specific for hepatitis E virus (HEV) was developed by utilizing well-characterized recombinant protein ET2.1 and its peroxidase-labeled counterpart. Our study showed that the ELISA detected all the positive patient samples (n = 265) regardless of whether they contained IgM or IgG antibodies, or both, while it maintained an excellent specificity of 98.8% with samples from various patient or healthy control groups (total number of samples, 424). The test had a detection limit for anti-HEV IgG antibodies that was equivalent to 62 mIU/ml of the international reference. Compared with the serological status of the specimens determined on the basis of tests performed at the individual collection sites, the testing outcome generated by the new ELISA had a good agreement of 99.3%, with a kappa value of 0.985. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for the new test reached 98.1% and 100%, respectively. This ELISA had a positive delta value of 4.836 and a negative delta value of 3.314 (where delta is a measure of the number of standard deviations by which the cutoff is separated from the mean of the sample groups) (N. Crofts, W. Maskill, and I. D. Gust, J. Virol. Methods 22:51-59, 1988), indicating that it had an excellent ability to differentiate the infected and noninfected cohorts. Furthermore, the new design enables the detection of antibodies not only in human samples but also in pig samples. Our preliminary data showed that the ELISA could detect seroconversion in samples from pigs at as early as 14 days postinoculation. The potential utility of detecting specific antibodies in pigs will be an added advantage for managing the disease, with suggested zoonotic implications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus among Adults in South-West of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Farshadpour ◽  
Reza Taherkhani ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Public ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
South West ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background. Knowledge regarding prevalence of HEV in general population can be an indicator of the public health and hygiene. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HEV among adults in South-West of Iran. Methods. Blood samples were taken from 510 participants, 206 (40.4%) males and 304 (59.6%) females from February to July 2014. Detection of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies was carried out by ELISA test. Results. The overall anti-HEV IgG and IgM prevalence rates were 46.1% and 1.4%, respectively. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity were not statistically associated with gender and race/ethnicity. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between the age groups regarding HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity. HEV IgG seroprevalence increased with age from 14.3% in subjects aged 18–30 years to 71.4% in persons over 71 years old, and considerably individuals aged 61 to 70 years had the highest HEV prevalence (90.9%). Also, 5.7% in the age group 18–30 years and 2.2% in the age group 31–40 years were positive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies and the highest rate was observed in subjects aged 18–30 years. Conclusion. In conclusion, high HEV IgG seroprevalence of 46.1% was observed among adults in South-West of Iran.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Bulgaria

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Magdalena Baymakova ◽  
Krasimira Terzieva ◽  
Rumen Popov ◽  
Elisaveta Grancharova ◽  
Todor Kundurzhiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Specific Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Results

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is widespread among domestic pigs, industrial swine, and wild boars in Bulgaria. The aim of the current research was to present the HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in Bulgaria. In the present study, 555 blood donors (479 males and 76 females) were enrolled from five districts in the country (Shumen, Pleven, Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, and Sofia districts). All blood samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the recomWell HEV IgG ELISA test (Mikrogen GmbH, Neuried, Germany). Each participating donor completed a short, structured, and specific questionnaire to document data on the current study. Anti-HEV IgG positive results were detected in 144 (25.9%) blood donors, including 129 (26.9%) males and 15 (19.7%) females. The established HEV seropositivity was 28.8% (23/80) in Shumen district, 23.2% (22/95) in Pleven district, 27.1% (38/140) in Stara Zagora district, 27.5% (44/160) in Plovdiv district, and 21.3% (17/80) in Sofia district. A high HEV seroprevalence was found for persons who declared that they were general hunters (48.7%; 19/39; p = 0.001) and hunters of wild boars (51.6%; 16/31; p = 0.001). We present the first seroprevalence rates of HEV infection in blood donors from Bulgaria. The results of our research showed high HEV seropositivity among blood donors.

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