scholarly journals Physiology of acid-base balance in bovines with diarrhea backgrounds from Monteria, Colombia

2015 ◽  
pp. 4591-4601
Author(s):  
César Betancur H ◽  
Yordan Martínez A ◽  
Luis Cruz M
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Direct Inspection

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the acid-base balance (ABB) in bovines with diarrheic backgrounds in four areas of Montería, Colombia. Materials and methods. From a total of 300 pregnant cows, 60 were selected with their newborns. A direct inspection was performed of vital signs on the calves and the ABB indicators were determined using a gasometric method. Data were processed by means of descriptive statistics and the Duncan test was used to differentiate between the averages. The degree of association was established between the ABB indicators in cows and calves by using the Pearson correlation and a comparison of proportions was performed on the indexes of the newborns. Results. Regarding the cows, the ABB indicators were found within the reference values; however, in the calves the pH, pCO2, HCO3-, the anion gap (AG) and the bases excess (BE) varied. A correlation was found between AG, BE and metabolic hydrogen ions (M*H). The AG in cows and calves showed notable differences (p<0.05) among the farms in the study. According to the numeric classification system, the suction reflect indicated a greater percentage of calves in group one. Conclusions. The ABB analyte measurement in cows was similar to the consulted reference; however, in calves some analytes did not coincide. This suggests metabolic acidosis in newborn calves due to the increase of AG and the decrease of BE. Additionally, its correlation with M*H opens the possibility of new proposals to determine ABB in bovines.RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el equilibrio ácido-básico (EAB) en bovinos con antecedentes diarreicos de cuatro zonas de Montería, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. De un total de 300 vacas preñadas se seleccionaron 60 vacas y sus recién nacidos. Se realizó una inspección directa de los signos vitales en terneros y los indicadores del EAB se determinaron mediante técnica gasométrica. Los datos se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva y para la diferencia entre medias se empleó la prueba de Duncan. El grado de asociación se estableció entre los indicadores del EAB en vacas y terneros mediante la correlación de Pearson y una comparación de proporciones se realizó en los índices del recién nacido. Resultados. En las vacas, los indicadores del EAB se encontraron dentro de los valores de referencia; sin embargo, en los terneros varió el pH, pCO2, HCO3-, la brecha aniónica (AG) y el excesode bases (EB). Se encontró correlación entre AG, EB e hidrogeniones metabólicos (H+M). El AG envacas y terneros indicó diferencias notables (p<0.05) entre las fincas de estudio. De acuerdo con elsistema de calificación numérica, el signo reflejo de succión indicó el mayor porcentaje de terneros enel grupo uno. Conclusiones. La medición de los analitos del EAB en vacas fue similar a la referenciaconsultada; sin embargo, en terneros no coincidió con algunos analitos. Se sugiere acidosis metabólicaen los terneros recién nacidos por el aumento del AG y descenso del EB, además, su correlación conlos H+M abre la posibilidad de nuevas propuestas para la determinación del EAB en bovinos.

scholarly journals The 100th anniversary of pH (1909-2009). Negative logarithms for measuring hydrogen ions: are they essential in medicine? Part I

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Francesco Sgambato ◽  
Sergio Prozzo ◽  
Ester Sgambato ◽  
Rosa Sgambato ◽  
Luca Milano
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Scale

Introduction: It has been 100 years since the concept of pH (1909-2009) was ‘‘invented’’ by the Danish chemist-mathematician Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen (1868-1939) in the chemistry laboratories of the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. The anniversary provides an opportunity to examine the crucial importance in human life of acid-base balance. Materials and methods: The authors review the historical process that led to the creation of the pH scale, with citation of passages from the original work of Sørensen published 100 years ago. This is followed by a critical analysis of the debate regarding the use of logarithmstomeasure hydrogen ion concentrations based on data from scientific papers published over the past 50 years (1960-2010). Results and discussion: The authors conclude that the concept of acid-base balance can be approached and taught in a simpler, more exciting, and even pleasant fashion without using the infamous and abstruse Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The whole rationale underlying the understanding and clinical application of this vital topic is clearly and unquestionably inherent simpler, more manageable formula introduced by Henderson (without logs), which is useful and quite adequate for use in medical education.

scholarly journals The Importance of the Ionic Product for Water to Understand the Physiology of the Acid-Base Balance in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
María M. Adeva-Andany ◽  
Natalia Carneiro-Freire ◽  
Cristóbal Donapetry-García ◽  
Eva Rañal-Muíño ◽  
Yosua López-Pereiro
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Ionic Product ◽  
Base Balance

Human plasma is an aqueous solution that has to abide by chemical rules such as the principle of electrical neutrality and the constancy of the ionic product for water. These rules define the acid-base balance in the human body. According to the electroneutrality principle, plasma has to be electrically neutral and the sum of its cations equals the sum of its anions. In addition, the ionic product for water has to be constant. Therefore, the plasma concentration of hydrogen ions depends on the plasma ionic composition. Variations in the concentration of plasma ions that alter the relative proportion of anions and cations predictably lead to a change in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ions by driving adaptive adjustments in water ionization that allow plasma electroneutrality while maintaining constant the ionic product for water. The accumulation of plasma anions out of proportion of cations induces an electrical imbalance compensated by a fall of hydroxide ions that brings about a rise in hydrogen ions (acidosis). By contrast, the deficiency of chloride relative to sodium generates plasma alkalosis by increasing hydroxide ions. The adjustment of plasma bicarbonate concentration to these changes is an important compensatory mechanism that protects plasma pH from severe deviations.

The oldest evolutionary mechanism by pregnancy

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
S.St. Leush ◽  
◽  
O.S. Zagorodnia ◽  
S.V. Osadchuk ◽  
A.S. Demianenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Stability

The article deals with the role of acid-base balance as the most evolutionarily long-standing mechanism of homeostasis regulation and its features by pregnancy. The objective: to determine the features of acid-base balance in pregnant women with vomiting in first trimester. Materials and methods. 109 pregnant women in the first and second trimester were examined, they were divided into 2 groups – 58 pregnant women in the first trimester had vomiting with different degrees of severity, and 51 pregnant women in group II had no complains in first trimester. In all subjects twice, in terms of 10–11 and 20–21 weeks, the hydrogen index, the concentration of carbonate-ion and the partial pressure of CO2 in the plasma were determined. Results. It is proved by biochemical calculations, that the statistically unlikely shift of Ph to the alkaline reaction observed with the progression of pregnancy is based on a significant difference in the absolute concentration of hydrogen ions. These changes are necessary for the adequate transport of ions through the membranes of the developing placental system. Despite the loss of electrolytes in women with early gestosis, these changes do not go beyond the limits of physiological. Conclusion. 1. Pregnant patients with vomiting during first weeks of pregnancy, despite the loss of fluid and electrolytes, maintain the stability of the acid-base balance with a slight tendency to alkalosis. 2. Pregnant women without first trimester complains do not have described moderate plasma alkalisation, whose physiological role requires further observation and research. Key words: concentration of hydrogen ions, alkalosis, vomiting in first pregnancy trimester.

Blood acid-base balance and its regulation

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-464
Author(s):  
M. N. Lyubimova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
In Cells

Until recently, the acid-alkaline balance of the body was understood to be a balance of the total amount of acids and alkalis introduced into and excreted from our bodies. Colossal advances in the development of physical chemistry at the beginning of this century have changed our ideas fundamentally. First of all, it became quite obvious that the effect of acids and alkalis on cells, on processes going on in cells, depends not on the total amount of acid, but only on the amount of hydrogen ions (H). And in this respect not all acids are the same.

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

The Effect of Long-term Topiramate Treatment on Acid-base Balance in Children with Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
김지용 ◽  
남상욱 ◽  
김영미 ◽  
이윤진 ◽  
이훈상 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance
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