scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, QUALIDADE FÍSICA E SENSORIAL DE CHIPS DE MANDIOQUINHA-SALSA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Borges ◽  
Claudia De Paula ◽  
Monica Pirozi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft.) is a native culture of the Andean mountain ranges, the main types of processing the production of dehydrated mashed, flakes, flour, starch, pre-cooked, among others. The term chips is originally American and refers to thin slices of potato fried in oil or fat may be added various flavors late in the process. The aim of this work was to determine the physical and chemical composition, physical and sensory quality of fried chips of arracacha. The results showed that the root in nature has a high water content (73.51%), which together with microbiological and physical injuries, contributing to the reduction of its shelf life. However its solids content (26.4%) favored the production of fried chips, no significant changes were observed in the color parameters L * a * b * of ready compared to the raw material in nature, indicating minimal changes resulting from frying process. Although the fried chips has presented firmer texture when compared to the same product from raw materials similar in the scientific literature, this result did not influence the uptake by consumers whose scores for flavor, appearance, flavor and texture ranged 7-8, concerning hedonic terms "like moderately" and "liked" both to consumers male and female in age groups studied (10-50 years). The processing of root arracacha to obtain fried chips was promising for commercialization by their acceptance and purchase intent.

scholarly journals Sugar content, acidity and antioxidant activity in dehydrated blackcurrant

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
D. I. Barbashin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity

The main reason for spoilage of berry raw materials is the high water content in it. And in order to increase the shelf life of such raw materials and products based on it, various dehydration methods are used. Osmotic dehydration, considered in this article, is one of the best and suitable methods for increasing the shelf life of berry products, as well as increasing the biological value of the product. This method is preferred relative to other methods of dehydration due to the fact that when it is used in raw materials, more vitamins and minerals are preserved, and the color, aroma and taste of berries are also better preserved. Osmotic dehydration is a process due to the presence of semi-permeable membranes, during which the concentration is balanced. Osmosis takes place during the immersion of fruits in concentrated solutions of osmotically active substances. In such a system, two opposite processes occur: water diffuses from the product into the solution, and the dissolved substance diffuses from the solution into the product. This article discusses the features of the process of osmotic dehydration of blackcurrant berries. Blackcurrant is a promising raw material for processing enterprises. The berry contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and has a high antioxidant activity. Methods were studied for samples of dried blackcurrant berries (by convection), with preliminary osmotic dehydration with various osmotic agents (sucrose, flower honey), using the following methods: ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity were determined titrimetrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent polyphenols, spectrophotometrically anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Use of basaltic waste as red ceramic raw material

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (362) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Mendes ◽  
G. Morales ◽  
P. J. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Evaluation ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 μm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals The Freezing Process of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) Method at PT. Inti Luhur Fuja Abadi, Pasuruan, East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zola Scriptura ◽  
Endang Dewi Masithah
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Work ◽  
High Water ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Monitoring Process

Fish is a protein source that is very potential and needed by humans. One of the fish that has a high enough nutrient content is Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). Snapper fish contains 92 kilocalories of energy, 20 grams of protein, 0 grams of carbohydrates, 0.7 grams of fat, 20 milligrams of calcium, 200 milligrams of phosphorus, and 1 milligram of iron. The high water content is one potential that must be considered because it is a good medium for microbial growth. Therefore efforts are needed to maintain the nutritional content, freshness, taste, and extend the shelf life through preservation, one of which is by freezing. The Air Blast Freezing method is one of the freezing methods that uses a combination of low temperatures which are temperatures of -35℃ to -40℃ by blowing cold air  quickly towards the product. This method has the advantage of one of which is relatively easy operation. The purpose of this field work practice is to know the process of freezing Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method and the obstacles in the production of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) using the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method. The stages of the production process of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) are the reception of raw materials, washing I, sorting, washing II, weighing, washing III, preparation, freezing with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method, glazing, packaging, storaging, stuffing. The freezing process with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method uses a temperature of -35℃ to -40℃ for 6-8 hours so that the plant can produce as much as 3 tons in one day. Obstacles to the freezing process at PT ILUFA are raw materials that contain parasites. Factors that influence the freezing process include raw materials during the reception and monitoring process during the freezing process in the ABF engine.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF THE USE OF PLANT RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTS FOR STORAGE OF TOMATOES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dubinina ◽  
T. Letuta ◽  
T. Frolova ◽  
H. Seliutina ◽  
O. Hapontseva
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
High Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Film Forming

The paper presents the overview data of the diseases and major classes of microorganisms which cause tomato damage after harvesting. Generally accepted effective ways of storage of fruit and vegetable products are considered. These are cold storage and storage in the altered gas environment – regulated and modified (RGE and MGE). It is shown that technologies of storage of fruit and vegetable products with the use of film-forming substances are widely used abroad, and recently they have also been developed in Ukraine. In recent years, prior to the storage, fruits and vegetables have been processed with preparations which have protective properties, and also with antioxidants. Antioxidant compositions on the base of aqueous solutions of santochin, aminophenol, ionol, sorbic and benzoic acids are introduced in the field of fruit and vegetable products storage. There are no studies about the choice of film-forming compositions and antioxidant preparations which take into account the effect of specific microflora of individual fruits and vegetables, as well as the features of their chemical composition and physiological structure. Bacteria and fungi are the two main classes of microorganisms which cause tomatoes damage after harvesting. All diseases have certain manifestations, by which they are identified, and the characteristics of each disease agent, peculiarities of how it spreads and affects fruits are also very specific. Literature analysis has shown that the composition of extracts of ginger, orange peel and garlic bulbs can be an effective universal protection preparation during storage, which covers the whole spectrum of typical tomato diseases. Since the high water-solubility and safety are important characteristics of substances that have direct contact with food products, it is recommended to use aqueous and hydroglyceric alcoholic extracts of plant raw materials when developing the technology of preparation. Further microbiological and toxicological studies of the test samples are needed for determining of working concentrations of extracts and selection of an effective composition.

scholarly journals Organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests of artificial feed for milk fish substituted by earthworm meal (Lumbricus sp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aslamyah ◽  
Muh. Yusri Karim
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sinking Velocity

<p>Earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) is very prospective as milkfish feed raw materials to substitute fish meal. Type of raw material and the exact composition will generate artificial feed quality with high levels of water stability, desirable, and safe for the fish. The purpose of this study to evaluate the quality of milkfish feed at different levels of fish meal substitution with earthworms (Lumbricus sp.) based on organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests. The treatments tested levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal in artificial feed milkfish, namely: feed A (0%); feed B (34,62%); feed C (65,38%) and feed D (100%). The organoleptic and physical test showed that all the feed has a smooth texture, pungent aroma, and brown in color, with good water stability (rupture velocity ranged from 91,25±1,47 up to 92,87±1,67 minutes and dispersion of solids 11,14±1,55 up to 11,87±1,3%), hardness 84±0,18 up to 84,71±1,24%, sinking velocity 5,07±0,68 up to 5,64±0,17 cm/sec, the level of homogeneity of 81,34±0,17 up to 85,68±1,85%, the allure of 0,62±0,58 up to 0,65±0,12 cm/sec and delicious power of 0,059±0,024 up to 0,067±0,032 g/fish weight/day. The quality of feed is chemically with moisture content ranging from 8,4–9,1%, 16,7–19,46% ash, 31,07–32,37%, protein, 6,67–7,58% fat, crude fiber 7,45–7,87%, NFE (nitrogen free extracts) 35,35–35,48%. Results show that different levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) produces the same feed quality and contains nutrients in a range requirement milkfish. Accordingly, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) can be substituted for fish meal in fish milk feed artificial up to 100%.</p><p>Keywords: substitution, fish meal, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.), artificial feed, milkfish</p>

scholarly journals Miscanthus plants processing in fuel, energy, chemical and microbiological industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Olga Babich ◽  
Olga Krieger ◽  
Evgeny Chupakhin ◽  
Oksana Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The increasing shortage of fossil hydrocarbon fuel dictates the need to search for and develop alternative energy sources, including plant biomass. This paper is devoted to the study of the Miscanthus plants biomass potential and the analysis of technologies of its processing into products targeted at bioenergy, chemistry, and microbiology. Miscanthus is a promising renewable raw material to replace wood raw materials for the production of chemical, fuel, energy, and microbiological industries. Miscanthus is characterised by highly productive (up to 40 tons per one hectare of dry matter) C4-photosynthesis. Dry Miscanthus contains 47.1–49.7% carbon, 5.38–5.92% hydrogen, and 41.4–44.6% oxygen. The mineral composition includes K, Cl, N and S, which influence the processes occurring during biomass combustion. The total amount of extractives per dry substance lies in the range of 0.3–2.2 % for different extraction reagents. Miscanthus has optimal properties as an energy source. Miscanthus × giganteus pellets showed the energy value of about 29 kJ/g. For the bioconversion of plants into bioethanol, it is advisable to carry out simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thus reducing the duration of process steps and energy costs. Miscanthus cellulose is of high quality and can be used for the synthesis of new products. Further research will focus on the selection of rational parameters for processing miscanthus biomass into products with improved physical and chemical characteristics: bioethanol, pellets, industrial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, carbohydrate substrate.

scholarly journals Gluten-free Buckwheat Kvass with Aromatic Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tanashkina ◽  
Anastasia Peregoedova ◽  
Anna Semenyuta ◽  
Margarita Boyarova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction. The production of gluten-free food products, including alcohol-free beverages, is an urgent task for Russian food industry. Buckwheat malt has a great raw material potential, because it consists rutin, which can give the final product some useful functional properties. Aromatic raw materials improve the sensory characteristics of beverages and increase their nutritional value. Study objects and methods. Kvass is a traditional Russian bread juice. To prepare gluten-free kvass, we used light and scalding buckwheat malt and water infusions of barberry, juniper, leaves of garden currant, and lemon balm grass. The wort was prepared by infusion and fermented with bottom beer yeast Saflager W-34/70. Then it was blended with infusions of plant materials. Sensory and physical and chemical properties of kvass were determined by standard methods. Antioxidant activity of the beverages was assessed by using DPPH radical scavenging method. Results and discussion. All samples met the state standard requirements for kvass by sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics. The drinks obtained from the scalding malt were well-fermented and achieved better tasting ratings compared to those from the light malt. The control sample, which contained no aromatic raw materials, received the lowest scores for taste and aroma. The kvass blended with infusions of barberry and garden currant had the best results. The infusions increased the shelf life of the kvass from 7 days (control) to 12 (barberry), 14 (juniper), and 16 (currant). All samples of kvass demonstrated antioxidant activity, the beverage with infusion of garden currant leaves showing the best results (≤ 80%). Antiradical activity was established for the samples blended with barberry and currant infusions. Conclusion. light and scalding buckwheat malt can be used to prepare gluten-free kvass. Blending buckwheat kvass with infusions of aromatic raw materials increased the shelf life of the beverages, improved their taste, aroma, and antioxidant activity (except the sample with infusions of juniper), and gave them antiradical properties.

scholarly journals Formulation and Study of an Environmentally Friendly Microemulsion-Based Drilling Fluid (O/W) with Pine Oil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7981
Author(s):  
Roxana P. F. de Sousa ◽  
Glauco S. Braga ◽  
Raphael R. da Silva ◽  
Giovanna L. R. Leal ◽  
Júlio C. O. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Biodegradable Surfactant

This work has developed and evaluated a microemulsion-based drilling fluid formulation with characteristics to be applied in oil wells. The microemulsion was formulated with a solution of water/glycerol, pine oil, and Tween 80, a nonionic and biodegradable surfactant. The physical and chemical properties of the drilling fluid obtained in this work were investigated through rheology and filtration analysis, solids content, aging, lubricity, toxicity, and thermal degradation. A non-toxic microemulsion-based drilling fluid oil-in-water (O/W) with high lubricity (0.07638) and thermal stability was obtained with suitable viscosity, gel strength and low fluid loss (4.0 mL), low solids content (6%), stability in a wide range of salinity conditions, and the possibility of high water content (above 85% in mass fraction). The fluid presented a pseudoplastic behavior, and statistically significant Herschel–Bulkley parameters were obtained.

Raman, Infrared, and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Identification of Particles in Raw Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Kathryn Lee ◽  
Markus Lankers ◽  
Oliver Valet
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Raw materials need to be of a certain quality with respect to physical and chemical composition. They also need to have no contaminants, including particles, because these could indicate raw material impurities or contaminate the product. Particle identification allows determination of process conditions that caused them and whether the quality of the final product is acceptable. Particles may appear to the eye to be very different things than they actually are. They may be coated with the raw material and may consist of several components; therefore, chemical and elemental analyses are required for accuracy in proper identification and definitive information about their source. Thus, microscope versions of Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are excellent tools for identifying particles in materials. Those tools are fast and accurate, and can provide chemical and elemental composition as well as images that can aid identification. The micro-analysis capabilities allow for easy analysis of different portions of samples so that multiple components can be identified and sample preparation can be reduced or eliminated. The differences in sensitivities of Raman and IR spectroscopies to different functional groups as well as the elemental analysis provided by LIBS and the image analysis provided by the microscopy makes these complementary techniques and provides the advantage of identifying various chemical components. Proper spectral searching techniques and interpretation of the results are important for interpretation and identification of trace contaminants.

Nanofibrillation of TEMPO-oxidized bleached hardwood kraft cellulose at high solids content

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Kekäläinen ◽  
Henrikki Liimatainen ◽  
Floriane Biale ◽  
Jouko Niinimäki
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
High Water ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
A Charge

AbstractCellulose nanofibrils (NF) are usually produced by disintegration processes at low solids content (<5%). However, the high water content reduces the capacity of production, increases the transportation costs of NF suspensions and narrows the possible applications of NF. The goal of the present study was to test a grinding technique based on oscillatory ball milling. Bleached kraft pulp cellulose was nanofibrillated at high solids contents (≥50%), which was obtained from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-oxidized pulp. The grinding method was only successful when the charge density was at least 0.5 mmol g-1. NFs and cellulose nanocrystals were identified at a charge density of 1.1 mmol g-1and a solids content of 50%. The size reduction of the formed particles was observed by means of flow fractionation and imaging and viscosity measurements after increasing the charge density from 0.3 to 1.1 mmol g-1. A solids content increment and a charge density decrement resulted in particles with low aspect ratio rather than in nanofibrils. Wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements showed the transformation of crystalline cellulose into amorphous material in the case of grounding at 93% solids content.

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