scholarly journals The Conditions of and Requirements for the Formation of Clusters in Biotechnology

Competitio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
David Domonkos
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Original Definition

In this article, with the help of the value chain model, I explain the functioning of biotech clusters. The “cluster” phrase was originally defined by Porter. In my opinion, the problem with Porter’s and other classical definitions of a cluster is that they are static, whereas the main feature of clusters’ is actually their dynamic nature. This is the reason why the following should also be included in the definition:– clusters emerge in a turbulent way: processes cannot be foreseen due to the lack of linearity.– a cluster, however, is a kind of an arena, because dense and changing vertical input-output relations and connections between horizontal organizations always generate a sort of a need for change.– clusters cause changes in the innovation policy, as they support the evolution of a policy which is appropriate for cluster formation. That is, they act as catalysts for the formation of better conditions.Accordingly, Porter’s original definition needs modification. JEL classification: O32, L25, L65, D80

scholarly journals POSISI GVC INDONESIA DI WILAYAH ASEAN-KANADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Siti Mir'atul Khasanah ◽  
Dian Dwi Laksani ◽  
Nur Ulfa Mutiara Suwari
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Intermediate Input ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Intermediate Value

Abstrak Rantai Nilai Global atau Global Value Chain (GVC) adalah alat yang berguna untuk melacak pola pergeseran dari produksi global. Kontribusi Indonesia dalam GVC di wilayah ASEAN-Kanada masih rendah, hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai intermediate input yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai final input. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi GVC Indonesia di wilayah ASEAN-Kanada. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis input-output dengan berdasar pada data World Input Output Databases (WIOD). Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam lingkup ASEAN, kontribusi Indonesia dalam GVC masih rendah, dapat dilihat dari nilai intermediate input yang lebih rendah dari nilai final input. Bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain ASEAN (yang memiliki ekspor terbesar ke Kanada) yaitu Vietnam, Thailand, dan Malaysia, persentase ekspor barang intermediate Indonesia hanya sebesar 48,3%, lebih rendah dibandingkan negara-negara lainnya. Indonesia harus terus mengambil peran aktif di GVC. Di masa depan, Indonesia harus lebih aktif untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah pada ekspor sebagai intermediate input, sehingga akan berdampak pada positif perekonomian Indonesia secara berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: ASEAN-Kanada FTA, GVC, Nilai Tambah   Abstract Global Value Chain (GVC) is a useful tool to track shifting patterns of global production. Indonesia's contribution in GVC is still low, this can be seen from the lower intermediate input value compared to the final input value. The result of this study aims to analyze the position of Indonesia in the GVC in ASEAN-Canada region. The study used input-output analysis based on World Input Output Databases (WIOD). The study shows that within ASEAN, Indonesia’s contribution in GVC is low, it can be seen from the input intermediate value which is lower than the final input value. When compared with other ASEAN countries (which have the largest exports to Canada), as Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia, the percentage of Indonesia’s intermediate exports is only 48.3%, which is lower than those of these countries. Indonesia should continue to take active role on GVC. In the future, Indonesia should be proactive to be able to increase added value on export as intermediate input. To indeed it will positively impact Indonesia's economy in a sustainable manner. Keywords: ASEAN-Canada FTA, GVC, Added Value JEL Classification: A11, B17, B22, B41

THE VALUE CHAIN OF COMPETENCY MODEL FOR VIETNAMESE EDUCATIONAL MANAGERS IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 REVOLUTION ERA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi My Hanh ◽  
Luis Alfaro ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Model Of Competency ◽  
Personal Competencies

This world is constantly changing and rapidly moving,-particular in the Industry 4.0 revolution, people must change to follow and keeping with this new trend. Education is the human foundation toward the “Truth - Good - Beautiful”, and comprehensive development of personal competencies as knowledge, skills and behaviors. A nation, such as Vietnam, if they want to integrate into global economy and affirming their position, they will need the “Talented - Virtuous” human resource who could meet the high demand of society. The purpose of this study was to propose a model of competency value chain at individual level for the educational managers, analyzing some factors of this value chain model and how to apply to Vietnamese education system in the fourth Industry era. The authors wanted to focus on the social value added that the educational managers’competency could bring as the result of this research.

scholarly journals Commonalities and Differences of Cluster Policy of Asian Countries; Discussion on Cluster Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski ◽  
Marta Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Cluster Development

The article aims at investigating the commonalities and differences between cluster policies in selected East Asian and Southeast Asian countries: Thailand, Singapore, South Korea, and China, to outline the Asian model of a cluster policy. Clusters play a significant role in the economic development of these countries, and some practical experiences from Asia may be used to shape the cluster policy in the recovery process after the COVID-19 pandemic. The conducted research contributes to a better understanding of the cluster formation process, cluster development, and policy aims in the analyzed countries. In Singapore and South Korea, which are among the most innovative countries in the global economy, cluster policy is to a great extent part of innovation policy, focusing on facilitating the networking and cooperation between science and business, the flow of knowledge, transfer of technology, and developing innovative technologies of key economic importance. In China and Thailand, which are developing countries, there is a much stronger role of foreign direct investments, which take the central place in the cluster structure. However, one common characteristic of cluster development patterns in all the analyzed countries is a top-down approach, where clusters are emerging and developing mostly as a result of governmental decisions and public programs.

scholarly journals Method of value chain mapping with international input–output data: application to the agricultural value chain in three Greater Mekong Subregion countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Unit Structure ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

AbstractExtending the technique of unit structure analysis, which was originally developed by Ozaki (J Econ 73(5):720–748, 1980), this study introduces a method of value chain mapping that uses international input–output data and reveals both the upstream and downstream transactions of goods and services, as well as primary input (value added) and final output (final demand) transactions, which emerge along the entire value chain. This method is then applied to the agricultural value chain of three Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The results show that the agricultural value chain has been increasingly internationalized, although there is still room to benefit from participating in global value chains, especially in a country such as Cambodia. Although there are some constraints regarding the methodology and data, the method proves useful in tracing the entire value chain.

Understanding China’s New Dual Circulation Development Strategy: A Marxian Input-Output Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342110219
Author(s):  
Lijun Su ◽  
Junshang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
New Development ◽  
Abstract Labor

The Chinese government has proposed a new development model called Dual Circulation, which, we argue, is a response to the upsurge of trade protectionism in recent years, as well as an acceleration of China’s long-planned restructuring of its economy. Our input-output analysis reveals the inferior global distributional position of China and the dire consequences it faces from a counterfactual US-China trade decoupling. Specifically, China on average transferred out about 9 percent of its abstract labor during 2010–14, and it stands to lose 2.5 percentage points in its growth rate and over 10 million jobs if the United States and China completely transfer their bilateral trade to other partners. JEL classification: B51, O24, D57

scholarly journals A Model of Domain Knowledge Content Updating Based on Management Information Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 69-97
Author(s):  
Jurij Tekutov ◽  
Saulius Gudas ◽  
Vitalijus Denisovas ◽  
Julija Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Educational Domain ◽  
Case System ◽  
Knowledge Content

The hierarchical Detailed Value Chain Model and the Elementary Management Cycle model of educational domain knowledge content updating are formally described in this paper, wherein computerized process measures are also proposed. The paper provides a method for updating the knowledge of the analyzed domain, referred to as the “enterprise domain,” based on enterprise modelling in terms of management information interactions. A method was designed, the formal DVCM and EMC descriptions of which are provided in the BPMN notation, allowing to develop a two-level (granular) model for describing the knowledge of educational domain management information interactions. In implementing this model and its algorithms in technological terms, a subsystem of enterprise knowledge has been created in a knowledge-based CASE system (computerized knowledge-based IS engineering), which performs the function of a domain knowledge database.

scholarly journals Estimating growth contributions by structural decomposition of input-output tables

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Koppány
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Structural Decompositions ◽  
Backward Linkages

This paper presents a case-study to demonstrate the calculation methods of growth contributions using structural decompositions of input-output tables and their Hungarian applications. Although the required data are available with a considerable time-lag, results show that taking backward linkages through demand for inputs and value chain multipliers into account can significantly alter the picture on the growth effects of industries and final demand categories by the conventional approach based on quarterly GDP calculations. This can be instructive for analysts and policy- and decision-makers not only in Hungary, but also in other countries. The study was performed by using public macroeconomic and sectoral data obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.

Measuring economies’ pivotability on the global value chain under the perspective of inter-country input–output network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150289
Author(s):  
Lizhi Xing ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Dawei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Edge Based ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Under the dual background of trade disputes between China and the United States and the epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, the existing Global Value Chain (GVC) division and trading system are facing unprecedented impact. This paper reinforces the present studies on international trade by analyzing the fragments of GVC, which are made of numerous Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) relations. We first redefine the inter-country and inter-sector propagating process of intermediate goods, coming up with the concept of Strongest Relevance Path Length (SRPL) based on Revised Floyd–Warshall Algorithm (RFWA). Second, enlightened by betweenness centrality, we introduce Weighted Betweenness Centrality of Edge based on RFWA to measure the Value-Added Pivotability of Input–Output Relations, which brings forth pivotability at domestic, international, and global levels. The results show how much a given country can influence the world economic pattern by linking worldwide upstream and downstream industrial sectors, be it at home or abroad. Also, we can try to explain what is the cause of the phenomenon that the economic influence of nations is trading off and taking turns with all sorts of local or even global evens happening.

Quality Assurance through Innovation Policy

2012 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Marlia Mohd Puteh ◽  
Kamsiah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Outcome Based Education ◽  
Intellectual Capacity

A number of countries are focusing on innovation to advance their economies up the value chain. Hence, a large emphasis is given to engineering education as activities that engage scientific development generally originate from the engineering field (Ashford, 2004). A country’s innovation policy also determines educational reform as the education sector is a key player, holding holds the intellectual capacity and trained human resources to execute the transformation. In this regard, the engineering profession and accrediting engineering programs have repeatedly called for reform in the engineering education pedagogical approach. Despite debates over the effectiveness of outcome-based education, the prominent teaching methodology has always been attributed to the traditional approach of “chalk and talk” (Mills & Treagust, 2003). This study investigates the critical role of science, technology and innovation to a country’s economy. It will also examine the extent to which the educational approach, particularly in the engineering education field, is coherent with the national system of innovation, exposing students with real perspectives for future workplace environment.

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