scholarly journals The use of ternary cements to reduce the environmental impact of concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Séang Lauch ◽  
Vinciane Dieryck ◽  
Valérie Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
The World

In the current context of climate change, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the greatest challenges of our society. As concrete is the second most used material in the world after water, its environmental impact is significant, especially because of the production of cement. Clinker substitution is according to the International Energy Agency and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development one of the four main reductions levers for the cement industry. Unlike Carbon Capture and Storage technology, replacing clinker with by-products such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag is technically feasible and applicable today. The use of blended cements is nowadays more and more commonly widespread. Ternary cements is particularly advantageous to benefit the synergetic action of two substitutes such as fly ash and limestone filler. Cement standard EN 197-1 is evolving towards more ternary binders but their impact on concrete properties are not thoroughly investigated yet. This paper presents some effects of newly developed ternary cements on concrete. The use of composite cements is a compelling solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete but it is necessary to always assess their suitability in concrete.

Commercialization of Al Reyadah – World's 1st Carbon Capture CCUS Project from Iron & Steel Industry for Enhanced Oil Recovery CO2-EOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathesha Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
Co2 Eor

Abstract As fossil fuels will continue to be a key source of energy for the world, the role of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) has become increasingly important in addressing climate change by limiting emissions and by establishing a pathway to reaching net-zero. In spite of its significance, the deployment of CCUS globally in the past decade has not met expectations. It is largely due to the challenges in commercializing the technology. On the contrary, ADNOC successfully deployed CCUS in 2016 and has been operating Al Reyadah - the world's first CCUS project in Iron & Steel Industry and Middle East's first commercial CCUS project for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). Similar to other industrialized economies, Abu Dhabi has various sources where carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted. It also has an advanced oil & gas industry which requires CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to improve production output. ADNOC synergized these two industries to create a business case. The concept of a CO2 network, linking CO2 producer (source) and CO2 user for EOR (sinks) was developed as far back as 2008. Various studies where undertaken and a steel facility was identified as an ideal choice for a 1st project, given availability of CO2 and proximity to the ADNOC oil fields. In 2012, Al Reyadah was formed to develop the facility and pipeline that is operating today. This is the first step in a vision that would see multiple sources within Abu Dhabi that will be connected via a pipeline network to supply the CO2 needs of ADNOC for EOR, sequestering CO2 and reducing the UAEs greenhouse footprint, whilst freeing up vital hydrocarbon gases (used currently in EOR) for use in commercial industry. From inception, Al Reyadah has been referenced for decarbonization by many global organizations including International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and has won prestigious recognitions from Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) and Emirates Energy Awards (EEA). This paper discusses the various strategies and commercialization tactics that ADNOC applied to deploy this unique project, which is only among 21 CCS/CCUS projects operating in the world in 2020 and a precursor to thousands of CCS/CCUS projects that are expected to be built globally in the coming years.

scholarly journals Liability in Civil and Environmental Subjects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Activities in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 501-524
Author(s):  
Raíssa Musarra ◽  
Silvia Andrea Cupertino ◽  
Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
And Storage

This article intends to organize and understand the theories and norms related to civil and environmental liability in the Brazilian legal system and its relations with the potential implementation of CCS (Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage) projects in Brazil. Thus, in view of the protection of the environment, safeguarded as a Brazilian constitutional norm and related normative organization, the questions concerning civil and environmental liability are introduced. In addition, international guidelines on the subject in selected country standards are exposed through the composition criteria of the International Energy Agency (IEA) CCS normative repository. Then, notes are made on the fundamental importance of Civil and Environmental Liabilities in the prevention and control of environmental accidents, social risk management and safety in storage and carbon activities, as well as conclusions drawn from the current scenario of Brazilian Environmental Law.  

Renewables will erode gas usage in power and transport

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Significance The latest World Economic Outlook 2019 (WEO) from the International Energy Agency (IEA), published on November 13, suggests that achieving emissions targets will require gas to be a transition fuel, not a lasting solution. This will reduce investment in long-term projects involving combined cycle gas turbines and gas infrastructure. Impacts Growing concern about the emissions damage from increased gas use will encourage the development of alternative low-carbon technologies. Less investment in gas projects could create energy deficits unless renewable energy capacity and electricity grid construction increase. Impetus will grow to develop large carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects.

scholarly journals Climate Change: Moving The Paris Agreement From Words To Deeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Miguel Schloss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The World

<p>Economic and social development the world has experienced in the last couple of centuries has been unprecedented, propelled by technological advances that have overcome famine and extended life expectancy in much of the world. This has been reflected in productivity gains in agriculture, industrial development, advances in communications, transport and energy never experienced in much of recorded history. But this has brought increases in CO2 emissions since the industrial age, whose full implications are as yet somewhat unpredictable. However, an increasingly widespread consensus has emerged that there is the need to reverse these emissions to prevent global average temperature increases to less than 2 Celsius. The Agreement reached by the 195 countries in climate talks in Paris requires an overhaul of historic proportions for energy
 policies worldwide and investment of the order of $16.5 trillion of spending on 
renewables and efficiency, as well as carbon capture and storage through 2030, to meet the agreed targets outlined, as estimated by the International Energy Agency. In essence, the deal aims at limiting global temperature increase since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries 
to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), while calling on
 nations to “pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to
1.5 degrees.” The Paris Agreement provides a framework for such effort, and will require significant reductions in hydrocarbons investments, increases in emissions costs, reduction in deforestation, intensive reengineering of energy sources in use, and profound changes in transport systems. None of this will take place on its own or be politically, economically and technically easy. Henceforth emphasis must focus on how to move from words to deeds in a manner that does not affect negatively economic development. This article is focused on four areas that need special attention to ensure that future efforts can adequately address concerns of efficiency and effectiveness, which have hitherto received scant attention, with consequent limited progress and results in climate change actions. As there are few precedents in this emerging area, this article is based on benchmark analysis the author has conducted to assist several Governments in designing policies to deal with the emerging issues climate change is posing.</p>

Carbon capture and storage using coal fly ash with flue gas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamilselvi Dananjayan Rushendra Revathy ◽  
Andimuthu Ramachandran ◽  
Kandasamy Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Energy Consumption of Rail Baltica Project: Regional Aspects of Environmental Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Olga Piterina ◽  
Alexander Masharsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Emissions Intensity

Abstract Research purpose. The high-speed railway (HSR) construction project in the Baltic States is the largest joint infrastructure project since the restoration of independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Rail Baltica (RB) is considered as the most energy-efficient project having the lowest environmental impact. However, the issue of energy consumption of the project was not sufficiently addressed either in the investment justification of the RB construction or in the relevant research works regarding the project. The aim of the current research is to determine the indicators of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity of the Latvian section of RB, since they are the key factors of the quantitative assessment of sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach. Critical analysis of the academic research works and reports of the official international organizations dedicated to the topic of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of HSR was conducted prior to the calculation of the above-mentioned indicators. The method of calculation based on International Union of Railways (UIC) was used in order to conduct the cluster analysis within the framework of current work. The main points considered are electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and level of passenger and freight demand. Statistical databases of UIC and International Energy Agency were used. Findings. The calculations carried out by the authors of the given article demonstrate substantial figures of CO2 emissions intensity for Latvian section of the project related to the train load rate and traffic intensity which is evened out only by the CO2 emissions factor in Latvia. Originality/Value/Practical implications. On this basis the authors present the directions for future research required for the development of the effective strategy for the Latvian Republic with the aim of achieving the increase in the RB project’s ecological efficiency.

Green pivot: can Australia master the hydrogen trade?

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Prakash Sharma ◽  
Benjamin Gallagher ◽  
Jonathan Sultoon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallurgical Coal ◽  
Thermal Coal ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
End Use

Australia is in a bind. It is at the heart of the pivot to clean energy: it contains some of the world’s best solar irradiance and vast potential for large-scale carbon capture and storage; it showed the world the path forward with its stationary storage flexibility at the much vaunted Hornsdale power reserve facility; and it moved quickly to capitalise on low-carbon hydrogen production. Yet it remains one of the largest sources for carbon-intensive energy exports in the world. The extractive industries are still delivering thermal coal for power generation and metallurgical coal for carbon-intensive steel making in Asian markets. Even liquefied natural gas’s green credentials are being questioned. Are these two pathways compatible? The treasury and economy certainly benefit. But there is a huge opportunity to redress the source of those funds and jobs, while fulfilling the aspirations to reach net zero emissions by 2050. In our estimates, the low-carbon hydrogen economy could grow to become so substantial that 15% of all energy may be ultimately ‘carried’ by hydrogen by 2050. It is certainly needed to keep the world from breaching 2°C. Can Australia master the hydrogen trade? It is believed that it has a very good chance. Blessed with first-mover investment advantage, and tremendous solar and wind resourcing, Australia is already on a pathway to become a producer of green hydrogen below US$2/kg by 2030. How might it then construct a supply chain to compete in the international market with established trading partners and end users ready to renew old acquaintances? Its route is assessed to mastery of the hydrogen trade, analyse critical competitors for end use and compare costs with other exporters of hydrogen.

Regional Multilateralism with Chinese Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-340
Author(s):  
Srikanth Kondapalli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Technology Control ◽  
Control Regime

While it is notable that China has become a member of almost all international organizations (excepting the OECD, International Energy Agency, and Missile Technology Control Regime), much less noticeable has been China’s steadily increasing involvement in regional multilateral organizations and groups of nations. As China has expanded its global footprint into literally every continent and part of the planet, Beijing has sought to join existing institutions in those regions—but what is particularly noteworthy is that China has stimulated and created a wide range of new organizations and regional groupings all around the world. That is what this chapter is about—China’s regional multilateralism. Such Chinese initiatives most notably include: the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations Plus China (ASEAN + 10), Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS), Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), China–Arab States Cooperation Forum (CACF), China–Central and Eastern Europe Countries (CEEC), and a series of groupings in Latin America (China–Latin America Forum, China-Caribbean Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum, China–Latin America Common Market Dialogue, and China–Latin America Business Summit). China has been either the initiator of, or actively engaged in, the creation of all these groupings.

scholarly journals Experimental study of effect additional water on high performance geopolymer concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Rachmansyah ◽  
Harianto Hardjasaputra ◽  
Meilanie Cornelia
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Water

The Earth Summit 1997 in Kyoto (Japan), industrialized countries agreed to reduce gas emissions by 21% to avoid global warming due to greenhouse effect with the release of CO2 into the air. From the research result, cement industry sector all over the world contributes about 8 - 10% of total CO2 emission. This number is quite high and if there is not a special action to reduce, CO2 emissions will continue to increase along with the rapid development of infrastructure in various parts of the world including in Indonesia. To support greenhouse effect reduction efforts due to CO2 emissions and environmental conservation, civil engineers in the world are taking steps to achieve Sustainable Concrete Technology, in order to create “Green Concrete”. For that reason in the direction of “Green Concrete”, innovation is needed to reduce or replace cement in the concrete mixing. The ash waste electrical power generating plants of fly ash is a material containing many SiO2 and Al2O3 which can be used to replace the overall of cement in concrete. Geopolymer concrete is a fly ash-based concrete that replaces the entire cement in its manufacture. Workability in mixing geopolymer concrete is very low, due to the rapid reaction of the alkaline solution when it reacts with fly ash. To improve the workability can be added water at the time of mixing. The fly ash used in the mixing from the Paiton power plant in East Java with grain size 12.06 μm with round granules and chemical composition of fly ash containing SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with a total of 75.151%. The planned compressive strength of the concrete is 45 MPa, with a variation of 8M, 12M and 16M NaOH molarity and the ratio of NaOH and Na2SiO3 is 1. Addition of water in concrete mixing with variations of 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25 liters / m3. The results of this study indicate that the more addition of water in the manufacture of geopolymer concrete can also increase the value of slump, but the excessive addition of water will result in a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete caused by a decrease in the concentration of the alkaline solution. High molarity values will require additional water to reach the same slump value compared to lower NaOH molarity. With the same mix design, the optimal compressive strength at 8M NaOH was 48.18 MPa with 17.5 liters/m3 of water added with a slump of 12 cm, for 12M NaOH the optimal compressive strength was 51.65 MPa with the addition of 20 liter/m3 with 10 cm slump, while for 16M NaOH the optimum compressive strength is 59.70 MPa with 22.5 liters/m3 of water added with a 5 cm slump. The higher the NaOH molarity will result in a higher compressive strength value and geopolymer concrete compressive strength at early age is higher than conventional concrete.

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