Renewables will erode gas usage in power and transport

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Significance The latest World Economic Outlook 2019 (WEO) from the International Energy Agency (IEA), published on November 13, suggests that achieving emissions targets will require gas to be a transition fuel, not a lasting solution. This will reduce investment in long-term projects involving combined cycle gas turbines and gas infrastructure. Impacts Growing concern about the emissions damage from increased gas use will encourage the development of alternative low-carbon technologies. Less investment in gas projects could create energy deficits unless renewable energy capacity and electricity grid construction increase. Impetus will grow to develop large carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

scholarly journals The use of ternary cements to reduce the environmental impact of concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Séang Lauch ◽  
Vinciane Dieryck ◽  
Valérie Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
The World

In the current context of climate change, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the greatest challenges of our society. As concrete is the second most used material in the world after water, its environmental impact is significant, especially because of the production of cement. Clinker substitution is according to the International Energy Agency and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development one of the four main reductions levers for the cement industry. Unlike Carbon Capture and Storage technology, replacing clinker with by-products such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag is technically feasible and applicable today. The use of blended cements is nowadays more and more commonly widespread. Ternary cements is particularly advantageous to benefit the synergetic action of two substitutes such as fly ash and limestone filler. Cement standard EN 197-1 is evolving towards more ternary binders but their impact on concrete properties are not thoroughly investigated yet. This paper presents some effects of newly developed ternary cements on concrete. The use of composite cements is a compelling solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete but it is necessary to always assess their suitability in concrete.

scholarly journals Liability in Civil and Environmental Subjects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Activities in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 501-524
Author(s):  
Raíssa Musarra ◽  
Silvia Andrea Cupertino ◽  
Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
And Storage

This article intends to organize and understand the theories and norms related to civil and environmental liability in the Brazilian legal system and its relations with the potential implementation of CCS (Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage) projects in Brazil. Thus, in view of the protection of the environment, safeguarded as a Brazilian constitutional norm and related normative organization, the questions concerning civil and environmental liability are introduced. In addition, international guidelines on the subject in selected country standards are exposed through the composition criteria of the International Energy Agency (IEA) CCS normative repository. Then, notes are made on the fundamental importance of Civil and Environmental Liabilities in the prevention and control of environmental accidents, social risk management and safety in storage and carbon activities, as well as conclusions drawn from the current scenario of Brazilian Environmental Law.  

Low-carbon aims need a new set of energy technologies

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Natural Gas Demand ◽  
And Storage

Significance This will have significant impact on the greening of the power sector and for new technologies dependent on affordable electricity including electric vehicles and the production of bioenergy and hydrogen. Yet in some cases, progress depends on a breakthrough in carbon capture and storage (CCS). Impacts Renewable energy sectors look likely to emerge from COVID-19 impacts stronger than before. Long-term natural gas demand is at risk if CCS development is delayed or unrealised. Electrification technologies, boosted by cheaper power, may receive enhanced regulatory support.

EU climate progress will be most clear in renewables

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
European Security ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
And Storage

Significance Although the exact details of the package remain subject to clarification and amendment, it requires a much broader decarbonisation effort beyond the power sector, as well as public-sector financial commitments to higher-risk energy transition technologies such as hydrogen and carbon capture and storage. Impacts Increased renewable energy capacity and wider electrification will highlight lagging investment in electricity grid infrastructure. Enhanced offshore wind targets and European developers’ desire to enter foreign markets will stretch offshore wind supply chains. Although increasingly contentious, the role of gas is likely to become more important in terms of European security of energy supply.

scholarly journals Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 1: Abatement efficacy of low-carbon technologies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keroboto B. Z. Ogutu ◽  
Fabio D'Andrea ◽  
Michael Ghil ◽  
Charles Nyandwi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Abstract. In the present Part 1 of a two-part paper, we formulate and study a simple Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model. This highly idealized model constitutes the basis of our integrated assessment approach to understanding the various feedbacks involved in the system. CoCEB is composed of a physical climate module, based on Earth's energy balance, and an economy module that uses endogenous economic growth with physical and human capital accumulation. We concentrate on the interactions between the two subsystems: the effect of climate on the economy, via damage functions, and the effect of the economy on climate, via control of greenhouse gas emissions. Simple functional forms of the relation between the two subsystems permit simple interpretations of the coupled effects. The CoCEB model is used to evaluate hypotheses on the long-term effect of investment in emission abatement, and on the comparative efficacy of different approaches to abatement. In this paper, we consider investments in low-carbon technologies. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), along with deforestation reduction, will be dealt with in Part 2. The CoCEB model is highly flexible and transparent; as such, it allows one to easily formulate and compare different functional representations of climate change mitigation policies. Using different mitigation measures and their cost estimates, as found in the literature, one is able to compare these measures in a coherent way. While many studies in the climate–economic literature treat abatement costs merely as an unproductive loss of income, this paper shows that mitigation costs do slow down economic growth over the next few decades, but only up to the mid-21st century or even earlier; growth reduction is compensated later on by having avoided negative impacts of climate change on the economy.

scholarly journals Technical Economic and Environmental analysis of Chemical Looping versus oxyfuel combustion for NGCC power plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08019
Author(s):  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Alberto Abad ◽  
Arturo Cabello ◽  
Mauro Zampilli ◽  
Giulio Buia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Oxyfuel Combustion ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

The Power Sector is undergoing a rapid technological change with respect to implementation of low carbon technologies. The IEA Energy Outlook 2017 shows that the investments in Renewables for the first time are equal to those on the fossil sources. It is likely that the conventional gas turbines and internal combustion engines will need to be integrated in systems employing biofuels and/or CCUS (Carbon Capture Usage and Storage). Also, the European Union is moving rapidly towards low carbon technologies (i.e. Energy Efficiency, Smart Grids, Renewables and CCUS), see the Energy Union Strategy. Currently 28% of the installed power capacity in Europe is based on natural gas plants. Gas-based power capacity has reached 418 GW in 2016 and is likely to continue to grow in the future. To efficiently capture the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of natural gas in the combustion chamber a possible solution could be to adopt new combustion processes, like Chemical Looping Combustion. The combination of CLC and GTs can decrease the efficiency of a combined cycle power plant from 60% to about 40.34%. These performances influence costs and environmental burdens and this is also the same for oxyfuel combustion, which is a competing technology to realize CCS. This paper, starting from literature mass and energy balances of a conventional combined cycle, a combined cycle coupled with chemical looping combustor and a combined cycle coupled with oxyfuel combustion, calculates the reduction of CO2 emissions which can be achieved during the whole life cycle of the power plant and then identifies the value of the carbon credit which is needed to have an interesting payback period for such kind of investment.

Global clean energy transition will be slow

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Content Type

Subject Carbon reduction strategies. Significance The International Energy Agency (IEA) in March published its latest status report on trends in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. The report found that demand increased by 2.1% in 2017 (more than in previous years) and that most of that increase was met with fossil fuels. Global energy-related emissions grew 1.4%, reversing recent trends. These developments reinforce concerns that the transition towards a low- or zero-carbon economy is not progressing as quickly as it needs to if climate change is to be limited. Impacts Renewed carbon capture momentum will require a significant increase in carbon prices to improve the viability of investments. Major electricity supply disruptions would help revive interest in nuclear power. The prospects for increased energy efficiency are largely dependent upon the future trajectory of energy prices.

Compressor Modifications for 300 MW IGCC Gas Turbine Stable Behaviour

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cerri ◽  
Carmine Basilicata ◽  
Ambra Giovannelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Elemental Component ◽  
Finite Volume Approach ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
And Storage

Economic reasons, leading to the use of coal and the environmental concerns, call for clean technologies for the electric power production. Accordingly the adoption of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been pushed. Such a technology is promising but it still shows some critical aspects. Some of them are related to stable and controllable operations of commercially available Gas Turbines (GTs) designed to be fed with Natural Gas (NG) once the original fuel is replaced by the hydrogen-rich syngas produced in an IGCC-CCS plant. The thermo-physical properties of the H2-rich syngas require investigations and modifications of the combustor and of the turbomachines to meet stable and safe GT behaviour. Such properties strongly affect the matching between GT compressor and expander. To run the GT with the syngas, various options can be taken into account. Some of them do not require GT flow function modifications, while other options involve compressor and expander structural changes. In the present paper some compressor modifications that can be adopted to maintain an F Class GT performance and stability are explored. Such modifications have been analysed by means of a high fidelity quasi-one-dimensional model based on an Elemental Component Finite Volume approach for the GT sizing and analysis. Results have been compared and deeply discussed.

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