scholarly journals Review on Construction Procedures of Driving Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-285
Author(s):  
Levente Czégé ◽  
Attila Vámosi ◽  
Imre Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The Future ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the literature of construction techniques of driving cycles. Our motivation for the overview is the future goal of constructing our own driving cycles for various types of vehicles and routes. This activity is part of a larger project focusing on determination of fuel and energy consumption by dynamic simulation of vehicles. Accordingly, the papers dealing with sample route determination, data collection and processing, driving cycle construction procedures, statistical evaluation of data are in our focus.

scholarly journals Requirements for Electric Machine Design based on Operating Points from Real Driving Data in Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Svenja Kalt ◽  
Lucas Brenner ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electric Machine Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Points

Increasing environmental awareness leads to the necessity for more efficient powertrains in the future. However, the development of new vehicle concepts generates a trend towards ever shorter development cycles. Therefore, new concepts must be tested and validated at an early stage in order to meet the increasing time pressure. This requires the determination of real driving data in fleet tests in order to generate realistic driving cycles, which correspond as closely as possible to the actual driving behavior of the applications use case. Within the scope of this paper, real driving data are analyzed and used to create a representative driving cycle. The resulting driving cycle based on real driving characteristics is then used to investigate the impact of application-based design for powertrains on the design of electric machines, by illustrating the difference between synthetic operating points and real driving data.

scholarly journals Annual Variation in Energy Consumption of an Electric Vehicle Used for Commuting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatole Desreveaux ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol ◽  
Elodie Castex ◽  
Rochdi Trigui ◽  
Eric Hittinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Real Vehicle

The energy consumption of an electric vehicle is primarily due to the traction subsystem and the comfort subsystem. For a regular trip, the traction energy can be relatively constant but the comfort energy has variation depending on seasonal temperatures. In order to plan the annual charging operation of an eco-campus, a simulation tool is developed for an accurate determination of the consumption of an electric vehicle throughout year. The developed model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurement of a real vehicle on a real driving cycle. Different commuting trips are analyzed over a complete year. For the considered city in France (Lille), the comfort energy consumption has an overconsumption up to 33% in winter due to heating, and only 15% in summer due to air conditioning. The urban commuting driving cycle is more affected by the comfort subsystem than extra-urban trips.

scholarly journals Incidencia del capital de trabajo en la rentabilidad de la industria de alimentos Tsáchila “El Gustador”

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
María Enélida Vera Saca ◽  
Evelyn Dayana Cedeño Holguín ◽  
Ximena Leticia García Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
The Impact

  La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el capital de trabajo y el impacto en la rentabilidad de la industria de alimentos Tsáchila “El Gustador”. La metodología utilizada tuvo un enfoque mixto y es de carácter no experimental, descriptivo y explicativo, por lo que se implementaron técnicas como la encuesta, entrevista y observación para la recolección de datos, los mismos que después de haber sido analizados e interpretados mostraron que existen deficiencias respecto a la administración de las cuentas del activo y pasivo a corto plazo, situación que afecta directamente a la liquidez de la industria y la determinación de inversión en el capital de trabajo; identificando que este hecho tiene su origen por una deficiente gestión del inventario y de las cuentas por cobrar pudiendo afectar en un futuro a las ventas de la empresa y por ende a su rentabilidad.   Palabras clave: productividad; liquidez; activo corriente; pasivo corriente.   ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to analyze the working capital and the impact on the profitability of the Tsáchila “El Gustador” food industry. The methodology used had a mixed approach and is non-experimental, descriptive and explanatory, so techniques such as survey, interview and observation were implemented for data collection, which after being analyzed and interpreted showed that there are deficiencies regarding the administration of the short-term asset and liability accounts, a situation that directly affects the liquidity of the industry and the determination of investment in working capital; identifying that this fact originates from poor inventory and accounts receivable management, which may affect the company’s sales in the future and therefore its profitability.   Keywords: productivity; liquidity; current active; current liabilities.

scholarly journals Adaptive Driving Cycles of EVs for Reducing Energy Consumption

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2592
Author(s):  
Iwona Komorska ◽  
Andrzej Puchalski ◽  
Andrzej Niewczas ◽  
Marcin Ślęzak ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Drive Systems

A driving cycle is a time series of a vehicle’s speed, reflecting its movement in real road conditions. In addition to certification and comparative research, driving cycles are used in the virtual design of drive systems and embedded control algorithms, traffic management and intelligent road transport (traffic engineering). This study aimed to develop an adaptive driving cycle for a known route to optimize the energy consumption of an electric vehicle and improve the driving range. A novel distance-based adaptive driving cycle method was developed. The proposed algorithm uses the segmentation and iterative synthesis procedures of Markov chains. Energy consumption during driving is monitored on an ongoing basis using Gaussian process regression, and speed and acceleration are corrected adaptively to maintain the planned energy consumption. This paper presents the results of studies of simulated driving cycles and the performance of the algorithm when applied to the real recorded driving cycles of an electric vehicle.

scholarly journals Tractive efficiency of a vehicle at variable speed

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Wojciech SIŁKA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Effective Efficiency ◽  
Tractive Efficiency

The paper presents the method and results of the car tractive efficiency comparative investigations. Both technical characteristics and fuel consumption values of numerous cars tested in the ECE simulated driving cycles were used as the input data. On the basis of the obtained data together with simulated tractive energy consumption the correlation between tractive efficiency and selected parameters of a vehicle were determined. The proposed method also allows indirect determination of the average engine effective efficiency of a vehicle at variable speed.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

ANALISIS NILAI KOHESI DAN KOHERENSIDALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR’AN SURAH AL AL ZALZALAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
MUNIRAH MUNIRAH ◽  
HUSAIN SYARIFUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This study aimed to describe the value of cohesion and coherence contained in the translation of the Qur'an surah Al Zalzalah. This study was a qualitative descriptive research, research data collection techniques using three techniques namely, inventory, rading and understanding, and record keeping. The data analysis used the coding of data, classification data, and the determination of the data. The results showed that the cohesion markers used in the translation of surah Al Zalzalah discourse are: 1) reference, 2) pronouns, ie pronouns second person, and third, the relative pronoun, the pronoun pointer, pen pronouns and pronouns owner, 3 ) conjunctions, namely temporal conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and conjunctions koorelatif, and 4) a causal ellipsis. It mean that there was a coherence in the translation of surah Al Zalzalah discourse are: the addition or addition, pronouns, repetition or repetition, match words or synonyms, in whole or in part, a comparison or ratio of conclusions or results. Keywords: Cohesion, Coherence, sura Al Zalzalah AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai kohesi dan koherensi yang terdapat dalam terjemahan Al-Qur’an surah Al Zalzalah. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan tiga teknik yakni, inventarisasi, baca simak, dan pencatatan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pengodean data, pengklasifikasian data, dan penentuan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemarkah kohesi yang digunakan dalam wacana terjemahan surah Al Zalzalah adalah: 1) referensi, 2) pronomina, yaitu kata ganti orang kedua, dan ketiga, kata ganti penghubung, kata ganti penunjuk, kata ganti penanya dan kata ganti empunya, 3) konjungsi, yaitu konjungsi temporal, konjungsi koordinatif, konjungsi subordinatif, dan konjungsi koorelatif, dan 4) elipsis kausal. Sarana koherensi yang terdapat di dalam wacana terjemahan surah Al Zalzalah adalah: penambahan atau adisi, pronomina, pengulangan atau repetisi, padan kata atau sinonim, keseluruhan atau bagian, komparasi atau perbandingan simpulan atau hasil.Kata Kunci: Kohesi, Koherensi, surah Al Zalzalah

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF TERUBUK FARMING (SACCHARUM EDULE HASSKARL) IN SUBDISTRICT TOSA DISTRICT OF EAST TIDORE OF TIDORE ISLAND

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwandi S. Sangadji
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Revenue Production

The purpose of this researchment is to ascertain how wide the farming of species Saccharun Edule Hasskarl (terubuk) in sub district Tosa, district of East Tidore of Tidore Island through the indicator of the value revenue, production and selling prices so that the farmers will achieve The Break Event Point (BEP). The research method was used a quantitative method with the number of samples of 30 people. The determination of the sample method is using the census method or involving all members of the population into a sample of researchment. The secondary data collection was done by using library literature in the form of document review and relevant references to research object while primary data collection was done by using questionnaire. The data is using equation R /C Ratio, BEP Revenue, BEP Price, and BEP Production. Therefore from the results of the researchment it can be explained that the two of the thirty farmers come through the break event point, while the other twenty-eight farmers declared having a business that worth to be develop or experiencing profit, because the R/C ratio is above 1.0 with average profit reach Rp. 989.000, - per production / farmer.

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