Advantages of Branched Alcohol Sulfate (AS) as 1,4 Dioxane Free Alternative for Alcohol Ether Sulfate (AES) and / or Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE) in Cold Water Laundry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Galuska ◽  
Parichat Phaodee ◽  
Jeffrey Harwell ◽  
Brian Grady ◽  
David Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Alcohol Sulfate ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Free Alternative ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Alcohol Ether Sulfate

Optimization of Application Efficacy for POST Herbicides with Adjuvants on Three-Cornered Jack (Emex australis Steinheil) in Wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
Asif Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Alkyl Ether ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Field studies were conducted to evaluate POST herbicides with adjuvants for the control of three-cornered jack in winter wheat. The herbicides evaluated were fluroxypyr 9.7% w/w + MCPA 38.8% w/w (formulated mixture [450 g ai ha−1]), carfentrazone-ethyl (20 g ai ha−1), bromoxynil 26.8% w/w + MCPA 40.0% w/w (formulated mixture [450 g ai ha−1]), thifensulfuron-methyl (75 g ai ha−1), and tribenuron-methyl (75 g ai ha−1), applied alone or tank mixed with the adjuvants alkyl ether sulfate sodium salt (625 mL ha−1) or fatty alcohol ethoxylate (375 mL ha−1). The addition of adjuvants to carfentrazone-ethyl resulted in > 94% control of three-cornered jack. Both adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of all herbicides for control of three-cornered jack, except thifensulfuron-methyl. However, a maximum increase in phytotoxicity on three-cornered jack was achieved with the addition of either adjuvant to tribenuron-methyl compared with herbicides used alone. Bromoxynil + MCPA and carfentrazone-ethyl gave maximum wheat yield and yield components.

The structure and properties of wool treated with a reversed-phase microemulsion containing aqueous alkali

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailing Ding ◽  
Jianyong Yu ◽  
Weiguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Alcohol Ether Sulfate ◽  
Oil Type ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to limit modification to the surface of wool fibers and decrease pollution caused by conventional chemical treatments using chlorine, a water-in-oil-type reversed-phase microemulsion with decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as the external phase was prepared containing very small amounts of an aqueous solution of alkali. The edges of the wool cuticle scales were modified by the alkali in aqueous solution contained in the reversed-phase microemulsion. The external phase decamethylcyclopentasiloxane can be recycled after application. In this paper, the solubility of water in the reversed-phase microemulsion and its stability were first studied and then it was applied in the treatment of wool. The results showed that surfactant sodium alcohol ether sulfate/NaOH aqueous solution was quite stable. Felting shrinkage of treated wool was reduced and the initial dyeing speed was higher than that for untreated wool. The corroded scales of treated wool were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the bromine Allwörden reaction with bromine water was reduced or eliminated after treatment. This adsorbable organohalogen-free modification should be useful in improving the manufacturing properties of wool, such as hydrophilicity, and as a pretreatment for wool printing.

Synergistic Effects Between Sulfo-betain Zwitterionic Surfactant and Alcohol Ether Sulfate

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Zhu Ri-Li ◽  
Dong Bin ◽  
Zhang Zhen-Xian
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Zwitterionic Surfactant ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Alcohol Ether Sulfate

Evaluation of calcium oxalate deposition on different fabrics under different sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 2613-2621
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Detergent Builder ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Alcohol Ether Sulfate ◽  
Soil Redeposition

The builder is an important ingredient in detergents. Sodium oxalate is a good non-phosphate detergent builder, which has good calcium-removing properties and good wash performance in detergents. However, sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations face a tricky problem of “incrustation” on fabrics due to calcium oxalate deposition. If sodium oxalate is used in commercial detergents, then “incrustation” must be solved. In this study, we examined the effect of fabric type, anionic surfactant, polymer, and temperature on incrustation and soil redeposition (“secondary” washing effect) of a sodium oxalate-based detergent. The results showed that both the anionic surfactant and polymer influenced the deposition of calcium oxalate on fabrics. Overall, the amount of calcium oxalate deposition followed the order polyamide < polyester < cotton with the same formulation. Finally, good secondary washing effects (low ash deposition and high whiteness retention) formulations were selected by cumulative washing. The formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), MES-polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and alcohol ether sulfate (AES)-CMC had better secondary effects, and the optimal combination of the 12 formulations was AES-CMC.

scholarly journals Effect of Floor Cleaner Combination of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and Combination of Carbol-Pine Oil on Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Vidi Posdo Simarmata
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Lauryl Ether ◽  
Larva Development ◽  
The Difference

Disinfectants are chemical agents used in disinfection in liquid form or solution form and are well-known as microbicidal, fungicidal, and virucidal but still unknown as parasiticidal, especially the effect to A. lumbricoides. In Indonesia, the prevalence of ascariasis is about 30,4% and still high. Ascariasis is caused by A. lumbricoides helminth that human swallows in egg form. Ascaris lumbricoides egg's characteristics are hydrophobic and sticky, making it easy to stick on the floor, household, and skin. This research aims to find the difference between the combination of the effects of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and the combination of Carbol-Pine Oil to A. lumbricoides eggshell and larva development as prevention and to break the life cycle chain of A. lumbricoides. The research results showed no effects from Alcohol Ethoxylate- Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate combination and Carbol-Pine Oil combination to A. lumbricoides eggshell and embryo development. Keywords: Disinfectants, ascariasis, concentration, eggshell, larva development.

Patient Involvement in Treatment Decision Making Can Help or Hinder Placebo Analgesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Geers ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Stephanie L. Fowler ◽  
Jill A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Immersion Experience

Experiments have found that choosing between placebo analgesics can reduce pain more than being assigned a placebo analgesic. Because earlier research has shown prior experience moderates choice effects in other contexts, we tested whether prior experience with a pain stimulus moderates this placebo-choice association. Before a cold water pain task, participants were either told that an inert cream would reduce their pain or they were not told this information. Additionally, participants chose between one of two inert creams for the task or they were not given choice. Importantly, we also measured prior experience with cold water immersion. Individuals with prior cold water immersion experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia when given choice, whereas participants without this experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia without choice. Prior stimulus experience appears to moderate the effect of choice on placebo analgesia.

Operation intensification methods of aggressive industrial sewage neutralization facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
N. S. Tsarev ◽  
V. I. Aksenov ◽  
I. I. Nichkova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Sediment Treatment ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Industrial Sewage

To neutralize the waste pickling solutions and rinsing water, resulting from cleaning metal products s surface of rust by acids solutions, lime is used. Being cheap, this method of sewage neutralization has considerable drawbacks. Forming in the technological pipes strong gypsum depositions and low specific productivity of the equipment for sediment dewatering are most significant of them. Characteristic of aggressive industrial sewage, formed at pickling of ferrous metals presented. Methods of elimination of drawbacks of industrial sewage neutralization by lime considered, including stabilization of neutralized industrial sewage and control of properties of the sediment formed. It was noted, that stability of the circulating water can be provided by accelerating of crystallization of the forming gypsum sediments by introducing in it fine priming powder and heating the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С followed by thermal softening of a part of circulating water, removed out of the circulating system. It was shown, that the heating of the water and the ongoing changes of the composition and properties of the sediment result in decrease of filtration resistance 2-3 folds, increase of deposition speed 3-4 folds and decrease the sediment volume 1.5-2 folds comparing with lime neutralization in cold water. Calculated dozes of lime at the heating were taken the same as at the regular lime neutralization. Elimination of the circulating water oversaturation by bi-water gypsum can be reached also by addition into the water of powder-like gypsum pulp - priming powder for microcrystals of the gypsum, followed by aeration during 30-40 min. This method was tested under industrial conditions. Technological properties of the forming sediment can be improved by sediment treatment by flocculants and preliminary heating of the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С. Control of technological properties of the sediment is done by addition of flocculants and heating of the neutralized water. Recommendations for improving operation of the neutralization facilities presented with indicating particular technological parameters of the equipment operation for sewage and sediment treatment. 

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