scholarly journals Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of Glyphochloa santapaui: Vulnerable and endemic grass species of Maharashtra, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Vishal Ramchandra Kamble ◽  
Meghana M. Kolekar ◽  
Sonali S. Lanjekar ◽  
Yadvendradatta R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Glyphochloa santapaui (S.K. Jain & Deshp.) Clayton santapaui is endemic to Maharashtra state restricted to Ferricrete-Lateritic rocky plateaus at Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri district. Due to ongoing anthropogenic threats this species is rated as Vulnerable under IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and hence attention is needed toward its conservation.The lateritic plant-soil interactions in different taxa is dependent to their microbial or mycorrhizal associates. So far endemic grass species - Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on Lateritic rocky plateaus are poorly investigated. In present paper critical assessment of AM fungal colonization in roots of vulnerable- endemic grass Glyphochloa santapaui is interpreted. Overall colonization percentage was 71.80%. Moreover, root segments of some samples were commonly co-colonized by dark septate hyphae (dsh) of other fungal endophytes (Ofe) and AM fungi. In present assessment, four Glomeromycota families viz., Acaulosporaceae, Diversisporaceae, Gigasporaceae and Glomeraceae were recorded comprising 18 species under 6 genera. These AM fungal species are viz., Acaulospora elegans, A. rehmii, A. scrobiculata,  A. tuberculata,  A. appendicula;  Diversispora epigaea; Gigaspora albida, G. gigantea, G. margarita, G. rosea; Scutellospora calospora S. dipurpusescrns; Glomus gerdemanni, G. hoi, G. occultum, G. versiforme, G. warcuppi and  Sclerocystis sinuosa.  On the basis of analysis of spore density and relative abundance, two dominanting species of AM fungi viz., Diversispora epigaea and Gigaspora gigantea were recognized.

scholarly journals Studies on mycorrhizal biodiversity in medicinal plant species of Pookode Lake area, Wayanad, India.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Saranya Babu Jayaprakash C.M. ◽  
Nagarajan N.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Forty different medicinal plant species were investigated for arbuscular mycorrhizal association from Pookode Lake area, Wayanad district, Kerala. The spore density and percentage of infection varied with plant species. The percentage of AM fungal colonization ranged from 30 to 80. The highest AM fungal infection was exhibited in Centella asiatica (80%) and maximum spore population in Leucas aspera (690/100g). Totally 36 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species were recovered from the rhizosphere of 40 medicinal plant species belongs to 20 plant families. The arbuscular mycorrhizal spore species Glomus fasciculatum was found dominant.

scholarly journals Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees): A Suitable Host for the Maintenance and Propagation of AM Fungi under Temperate Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Lok Man S. Palni
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus

Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees) was tested as a perennial host plant for propagation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal consortium, initially isolated from rhizosphere of tea plants growing in the colder regions. The host performance in terms of colonization and spore production was compared with two annual hosts. The mycorrhizal dependency and growth enhancement potential were analyzed to test the suitability of D. strictus as a host plant. After 90 days of growth, 77.2% roots of D. strictus were found to be colonized by AM fungi with a spore count of 7 per g soil. AM fungal colonization and spore density values were lower in case of the host plants tested. Growth of D. strictus plants was found to be enhanced, in terms of all studied parameters; significant increases were recorded in shoot length as well as fresh and dry weight of shoots, a part of commercial importance. Similarly, P content, protein concentration, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents were found to increase significantly. These data suggest that D. strictus can be used for the multiplication of AM fungi, isolated originally from the rhizosphere of tea; simultaneously, higher shoot biomass can provide additional economic benefit, using this environment friendly technology.

scholarly journals The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENPITCHA CHOOSA-NGA ◽  
UTHAIWAN SANGWANIT ◽  
THARNRAT KAEWGRAJANG
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Choosa-Nga P, Sangwanit U, Kaewgrajang T. 2019. The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 405-412. The species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, found in three Fabaceous tree species, namely, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Xylia xylocarpa, was studied. Sixty rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the tree species plantations, and AM fungal spores were extracted and identified using their morphological characteristics. The spore density and species diversity of the fungi associated with these Fabaceous tree species was assessed. The 11 AM fungi morphospecies identified were Acaulospora (3 species), Glomus (6 species), Sclerocystis (1 species) and Scutellospora (1 species). Meanwhile, three species remained unidentified, which Unknown sp.2 was frequently found in all the three of plantations. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of the fungal species ranged from 1.40 to 1.88, while the Evenness index ranged from 0.58 to 0.76. The diversity and Evenness index was the highest in the D. cochinchinensis plantation and lowest in the X. xylocarpa plantation. These differences may be due to differences in soil characteristics, including moisture, % organic matter, and nutrient composition. The species composition of AM fungi in the P. macrocarpus plantation was not similar with the D. cochinchinensis and X. xylocarpa plantations. It was indicated that different plant species were hosts to different AM fungal communities. Therefore, further studies are required to select the appropriate AM fungal species which have a positive effect on the growth of the three Fabaceous species when we would like to do the inoculating programs.

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal association and influence on growth of Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Mane S. R. ◽  
Kumbhar V. R. ◽  
Birajdar G. M. ◽  
Naryankar R. S. ◽  
Gavali M. T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Clitoria ternatea L. is an excellent herbal medicinal plant. Arbusular Mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and biomass of three different tested conditions of Clitoria ternatea plant was investigated. Inoculums of indigenous AMF and Trichoderma harzianum was tested greenhouse experiment and compared with natural condition after 60th days of treatment. Percentage of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection, number of resting spores and AM fungi species varies in different land. Among three different conditions, natural conditions showed maximum root colonization (75.89%) than treated one but minimum spore density (358.8/100gsoil). Highest spore density (481.6/100g soil) was found in T. harzianum treated condition followed by indigenous AMF treatment Acaulospora Glomus and Sclerocystis these three genera were found frequently. AMF inoculums and T.harzianum treatments conditions were observed promising biomass data of 60th days after treatment (DAT).When AMF are more colonized to plants then enhanced the biomass productivity.

The rmc locus does not affect plant interactions or defence-related gene expression when tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is infected with the root fungal parasite, Rhizoctonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Gao ◽  
F. Andrew Smith ◽  
Sally E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Almost All

A tomato mutant with reduced mycorrhizal colonisation, rmc, confers resistance to almost all arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species tested, although there is variation in colonisation of different root cell layers by different fungi and one species of AM fungus can colonise this mutant relatively normally. These variations indicate a high degree of specificity in relation to AM colonisation. We explored the possibility of specificity or otherwise in interactions between rmc and three non-AM root-infecting fungi, Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG) 4 and AG8, and binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR). There were no differences between the wild type tomato 76R and rmc in the speed or extent to which these fungi infected roots or caused disease. Infection by R. solani induced high levels of defence-related gene expression in both tomato genotypes relative to non-infected plants. In contrast, with BNR the expression of these genes was not induced or induced to a much lower extent than with R. solani. The expression of defence-related genes with these two non-AM fungi was very similar in the two plant genotypes. It was different from effects observed during colonisation by AM fungi, which enhanced expression of defence-related genes in rmc compared with the wild type tomato. The specificity and molecular mechanisms of rmc in control of AM colonisation are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth model for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schnepf ◽  
T Roose ◽  
P Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis

In order to quantify the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to plant phosphorus nutrition, the development and extent of the external fungal mycelium and its nutrient uptake capacity are of particular importance. We develop and analyse a model of the growth of AM fungi associated with plant roots, suitable for describing mechanistically the effects of the fungi on solute uptake by plants. The model describes the development and distribution of the fungal mycelium in soil in terms of the creation and death of hyphae, tip–tip and tip–hypha anastomosis, and the nature of the root–fungus interface. It is calibrated and corroborated using published experimental data for hyphal length densities at different distances away from root surfaces. A good agreement between measured and simulated values was found for three fungal species with different morphologies: Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders; Glomus sp.; and Acaulospora laevis Gerdemann & Trappe associated with Trifolium subterraneum L. The model and findings are expected to contribute to the quantification of the role of AM fungi in plant mineral nutrition and the interpretation of different foraging strategies among fungal species.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophyte fungal associations of Oryza sativa L. under field condition: colonization features and their occurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Kripamoy Chakraborty ◽  
Subam Banik ◽  
Atithi Debnath ◽  
Aparajita Roy Das ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Local Farmers

The present study was aimed to study monthly colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations in rice. The presence of mycorrhizal structures in the roots confirms the colonization by AM fungi. The pattern of hyphae and arbuscules denotes Arum type of AM fungal morphology. The presence of dark coloured septate hyphae running frequently on the epidermal layer and in root cortex and the occurrence of microsclerotia marks the colonization by DSE fungi. The co-occurrence of both AM and DSE fungi ensure dual colonization by two distinct fungal groups. There was significant increase in arbuscules, vesicles and hyphal percentages from first to third month in both the samples collected from two sites. In the third month, AM colonization significantly higher in both the sites. DSE colonization percentages do not differ significantly in first to third month. A total of nine AM fungal species were recovered from two sites. This study is an effort to make aware the local farmers about the usefulness of these native AM mycobiota which can be a preferable choice over chemical fertilizers leading to ecofriendly organic farming.

scholarly journals Medicago SPX1 and SPX3 regulate phosphate homeostasis, mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Roxane Snijders ◽  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Jieyu Liu ◽  
Ton Bisseling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phosphate Homeostasis ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Inner Cortex

AbstractTo acquire sufficient mineral nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) from the soil, most plants engage in a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Attracted by plant-secreted strigolactones, the fungi colonize the roots and form highly-branched hyphal structures called arbuscules inside inner cortex cells. It is essential that the host plant controls the different steps of this interaction to maintain its symbiotic nature. However, how plants sense the amount of Pi obtained from the fungus and how this determines the arbuscule lifetime is far from understood. Here, we show that Medicago truncatula SPX-domain containing proteins SPX1 and SPX3 regulate root phosphate starvation responses as well as fungal colonization and arbuscule degradation. SPX1 and SPX3 are induced upon phosphate starvation but become restricted to arbuscule-containing cells upon establishment of the symbiosis. Under Pi-limiting conditions they facilitate the expression of the strigolactone biosynthesis gene DWARF27, which correlates with increased fungal branching by root exudates and increased root colonization. Later, in the arbuscule-containing cells SPX1 and SPX3 redundantly control the timely degradation of arbuscules. This regulation does not seem to involve direct interactions with known transcriptional regulators of arbuscule degradation. We propose a model where SPX1 and SPX3 control arbuscule degeneration in a Pi-dependent manner via a yet-to-identify negative regulator.

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