scholarly journals The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENPITCHA CHOOSA-NGA ◽  
UTHAIWAN SANGWANIT ◽  
THARNRAT KAEWGRAJANG
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Choosa-Nga P, Sangwanit U, Kaewgrajang T. 2019. The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 405-412. The species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, found in three Fabaceous tree species, namely, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Xylia xylocarpa, was studied. Sixty rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the tree species plantations, and AM fungal spores were extracted and identified using their morphological characteristics. The spore density and species diversity of the fungi associated with these Fabaceous tree species was assessed. The 11 AM fungi morphospecies identified were Acaulospora (3 species), Glomus (6 species), Sclerocystis (1 species) and Scutellospora (1 species). Meanwhile, three species remained unidentified, which Unknown sp.2 was frequently found in all the three of plantations. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of the fungal species ranged from 1.40 to 1.88, while the Evenness index ranged from 0.58 to 0.76. The diversity and Evenness index was the highest in the D. cochinchinensis plantation and lowest in the X. xylocarpa plantation. These differences may be due to differences in soil characteristics, including moisture, % organic matter, and nutrient composition. The species composition of AM fungi in the P. macrocarpus plantation was not similar with the D. cochinchinensis and X. xylocarpa plantations. It was indicated that different plant species were hosts to different AM fungal communities. Therefore, further studies are required to select the appropriate AM fungal species which have a positive effect on the growth of the three Fabaceous species when we would like to do the inoculating programs.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Plant Diversity, Density and Productivity of Spring Ephemeral Community in Desert Ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Yongming WANG ◽  
Shouxia XU ◽  
Zhijian LAN ◽  
Bede S. MICKAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Soil Cores

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form intimate associations with the roots of about 85% of all terrestrial plants, and can greatly increase a plant’s uptake of soil nutrients and have been shown to influence plant diversity in several ecosystems. A lot of studies have reported the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant density, species diversity, richness and productivity in desert herbland in Gurbantonggut desert, China. Here, we conduct a mycorrhizal functional study by suppressing AM fungi by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench in soil cores and field in-situ experiment. The mycorrhiza-responsiveness of the dominant species Erodium oxyrrhynchum is assessed in intact soil cores containing the indigenous AM fungi. The soil-cores experiment displayed E. oxyrrhynchum to have a significant positive shoot and root growth response, and this is in response to the abundance of the indigenous AM fungal colonisation. The field experiment indicates the total aboveground dry biomass is negatively influenced by the suppression of AM fungi, though, no significant effect produced in the dominant and common plant species. The fungal suppression also affected density, species diversity and richness. The density of non-mycorrhizal plant Alyssum linifolium increases significantly in the treatment of suppressed AM fungi. The spore density decreases significantly in benomyl-treated plots. Our results showed that AM fungi were very important in desert ecosystem for the maintaining of plant biodiversity, richness and productivity.

scholarly journals Differences in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi among Three Coffee Cultivars in Puerto Rico

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Lebrón ◽  
D. Jean Lodge ◽  
Paul Bayman
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is important for growth of coffee (Coffea arabica), but differences among coffee cultivars in response to mycorrhizal interactions have not been studied. We compared arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) extraradical hyphae in the soil and diversity of AM fungi among three coffee cultivars, Caturra, Pacas, and Borbón, at three farms in Puerto Rico. Caturra had significantly lower total extraradical AM hyphal length than Pacas and Borbón at all locations. P content did not differ among cultivars. Extraradical hyphal lengths differed significantly among locations. Although the same morphotypes of mycorrhizal fungal spores were present in the rhizosphere of the three cultivars and total spore density did not differ significantly, frequencies of spore morphotypes differed significantly among cultivars. Spore morphotypes were typical of Glomus and Sclerocystis. Levels of soil nutrients did not explain differences in AM colonzation among cultivars. The cultivar Caturra is a mutant of Borbón and has apparently lost Borbón’s capacity to support and benefit from an extensive network of AM hyphae in the soil. Widespread planting of Caturra, which matures earlier and has higher yield if fertilized, may increase dependence on fertilizers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of Glyphochloa santapaui: Vulnerable and endemic grass species of Maharashtra, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Vishal Ramchandra Kamble ◽  
Meghana M. Kolekar ◽  
Sonali S. Lanjekar ◽  
Yadvendradatta R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Glyphochloa santapaui (S.K. Jain & Deshp.) Clayton santapaui is endemic to Maharashtra state restricted to Ferricrete-Lateritic rocky plateaus at Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri district. Due to ongoing anthropogenic threats this species is rated as Vulnerable under IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and hence attention is needed toward its conservation.The lateritic plant-soil interactions in different taxa is dependent to their microbial or mycorrhizal associates. So far endemic grass species - Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on Lateritic rocky plateaus are poorly investigated. In present paper critical assessment of AM fungal colonization in roots of vulnerable- endemic grass Glyphochloa santapaui is interpreted. Overall colonization percentage was 71.80%. Moreover, root segments of some samples were commonly co-colonized by dark septate hyphae (dsh) of other fungal endophytes (Ofe) and AM fungi. In present assessment, four Glomeromycota families viz., Acaulosporaceae, Diversisporaceae, Gigasporaceae and Glomeraceae were recorded comprising 18 species under 6 genera. These AM fungal species are viz., Acaulospora elegans, A. rehmii, A. scrobiculata,  A. tuberculata,  A. appendicula;  Diversispora epigaea; Gigaspora albida, G. gigantea, G. margarita, G. rosea; Scutellospora calospora S. dipurpusescrns; Glomus gerdemanni, G. hoi, G. occultum, G. versiforme, G. warcuppi and  Sclerocystis sinuosa.  On the basis of analysis of spore density and relative abundance, two dominanting species of AM fungi viz., Diversispora epigaea and Gigaspora gigantea were recognized.

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal association and influence on growth of Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Mane S. R. ◽  
Kumbhar V. R. ◽  
Birajdar G. M. ◽  
Naryankar R. S. ◽  
Gavali M. T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Clitoria ternatea L. is an excellent herbal medicinal plant. Arbusular Mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and biomass of three different tested conditions of Clitoria ternatea plant was investigated. Inoculums of indigenous AMF and Trichoderma harzianum was tested greenhouse experiment and compared with natural condition after 60th days of treatment. Percentage of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection, number of resting spores and AM fungi species varies in different land. Among three different conditions, natural conditions showed maximum root colonization (75.89%) than treated one but minimum spore density (358.8/100gsoil). Highest spore density (481.6/100g soil) was found in T. harzianum treated condition followed by indigenous AMF treatment Acaulospora Glomus and Sclerocystis these three genera were found frequently. AMF inoculums and T.harzianum treatments conditions were observed promising biomass data of 60th days after treatment (DAT).When AMF are more colonized to plants then enhanced the biomass productivity.

scholarly journals A study of air borne fungal distribution and species diversity in Hill Fort Region of Channagiri, Karnataka, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thirumala ◽  
Pradeep Nathu M. ◽  
H. B. Aravinda
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Maximum Contribution ◽  
Exposure Method ◽  
Fungal Distribution ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Investigation Period

Air borne fungi of Hill fort region of Channagiri is studied with help of Petriplate exposure method using Pottato dextrose agar media, petriplate exposure time is 15min. Sampling is taken in the month of  January 2013 total 74 fungal colonies represented 07 fungal types were observed during the present investigation period. Environmental condition plays an importance role in the distribution of the fungal spores. Out of 07 fungal species most numbers of fungi are anamorphic groups. The fungal species were Aspergillus, Pencillium, Curvilaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium Rhizopus, Alternaria species were identified. Aspergillus species (47.2%) showing maximum contribution is observed where as Rhizopus shows minimum contribution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i2.8203 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(2): 60-62

The rmc locus does not affect plant interactions or defence-related gene expression when tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is infected with the root fungal parasite, Rhizoctonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Gao ◽  
F. Andrew Smith ◽  
Sally E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Almost All

A tomato mutant with reduced mycorrhizal colonisation, rmc, confers resistance to almost all arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species tested, although there is variation in colonisation of different root cell layers by different fungi and one species of AM fungus can colonise this mutant relatively normally. These variations indicate a high degree of specificity in relation to AM colonisation. We explored the possibility of specificity or otherwise in interactions between rmc and three non-AM root-infecting fungi, Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG) 4 and AG8, and binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR). There were no differences between the wild type tomato 76R and rmc in the speed or extent to which these fungi infected roots or caused disease. Infection by R. solani induced high levels of defence-related gene expression in both tomato genotypes relative to non-infected plants. In contrast, with BNR the expression of these genes was not induced or induced to a much lower extent than with R. solani. The expression of defence-related genes with these two non-AM fungi was very similar in the two plant genotypes. It was different from effects observed during colonisation by AM fungi, which enhanced expression of defence-related genes in rmc compared with the wild type tomato. The specificity and molecular mechanisms of rmc in control of AM colonisation are discussed.

scholarly journals Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Saskia Klink ◽  
Philipp Giesemann ◽  
Timo Hubmann ◽  
Johanna Pausch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
C And N

Abstract Data for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca ovina and the legume Medicago sativa via an enzymatic and a mechanical approach. In addition, extraradical hyphae were isolated from a sand-soil mix associated with each plant. All three approaches revealed comparable isotope signatures of R. irregularis hyphae. The hyphae were 13C- and 15N-enriched relative to leaves and roots irrespective of the plant partner, while they were enriched only in 15N compared with soil. The 13C enrichment of AM hyphae implies a plant carbohydrate source, whereby the enrichment was likely reduced by an additional plant lipid source. The 15N enrichment indicates the potential of AM fungi to gain nitrogen from an organic source. Our isotope signatures of the investigated AM fungus support recent findings for mycoheterotrophic plants which are suggested to mirror the associated AM fungi isotope composition. Stable isotope natural abundances of intraradical AM hyphae as the functional trading organ for bi-directional carbon-for-mineral nutrient exchanges complement data on spores and membrane biomarkers.

scholarly journals Growth model for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schnepf ◽  
T Roose ◽  
P Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis

In order to quantify the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to plant phosphorus nutrition, the development and extent of the external fungal mycelium and its nutrient uptake capacity are of particular importance. We develop and analyse a model of the growth of AM fungi associated with plant roots, suitable for describing mechanistically the effects of the fungi on solute uptake by plants. The model describes the development and distribution of the fungal mycelium in soil in terms of the creation and death of hyphae, tip–tip and tip–hypha anastomosis, and the nature of the root–fungus interface. It is calibrated and corroborated using published experimental data for hyphal length densities at different distances away from root surfaces. A good agreement between measured and simulated values was found for three fungal species with different morphologies: Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders; Glomus sp.; and Acaulospora laevis Gerdemann & Trappe associated with Trifolium subterraneum L. The model and findings are expected to contribute to the quantification of the role of AM fungi in plant mineral nutrition and the interpretation of different foraging strategies among fungal species.

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