scholarly journals HPLC identification of bioactive flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Homalium zeylanicum Benth.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2204
Author(s):  
Anuradha Devi V. ◽  
Veera Kishore I. ◽  
Ragha Latha R. ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Natural products continue to provide unique structural diversity in comparison to standard combinatorial chemistry, which presents opportunities for discovering mainly novel low molecular weight lead compounds. Homalium zeylanicum belonging to family Flacourtiaceae is an important medicinal plant having traditional uses in diabetes, rheumatism and wound healing activities. Chromatographic methods like TLC and HPLC were used for the separation and identification of flavonoids present in methanolic and aqueous leaf extract was studied. The chromatographic methods available for the separation of flavonoids in TLC and HPLC were adopted for the study. Three compounds were identified in TLC study in methanolic leaf extracts. In HPLC analysis, peaks corresponding to flavonoids were obtained and were identified by comparing with literature and confirm that methanolic extract contains Rutin, Quercetin and Myricetin where as in aqueous extract Quercetin, Myricetin and Kaempferol were observed.  The anti diabetic activity of isolated compounds was determined by literature and confirms that compounds were found to having potent anti diabetic activity. This proves that the anti-diabetic activity of Homalium zeylanicum was due to the presence of these bio-active compounds

scholarly journals HPLC identification of bio active flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Schrebera swietenioides Lin.,

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2208
Author(s):  
Anuradha Devi V. ◽  
Veera Kishore I. ◽  
Ragha Latha R. ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Natural products continue to provide unique structural diversity in comparison to standard combinatorial chemistry, which presents opportunities for discovering mainly novel low molecular weight lead compounds. Schrebera swietenioides belonging to family Oleaceae is an important medicinal plant used in the treatment of leprosy, diabetes and hepatic disorders by ethnic people. Chromatographic methods like TLC and HPLC were used for the separation and identification of flavonoids present in methanolic and aqueous leaf extract was studied. The chromatographic methods available for the separation of flavonoids in TLC and HPLC were adopted for the study. Three compounds were identified in TLC study in methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts. In HPLC analysis, peaks corresponding to flavonoids were obtained and were identified by comparing with literature and confirm that methanolic extract contains Rutin, Quercetin and Myricetin where as in aqueous extract Rutin and Quercetin were observed.  The anti diabetic activity of isolated compounds was determined by literature and confirms that compounds were found to having potent anti diabetic activity. This proves that the anti-diabetic activity of S. swietenioides was due to the presence of these bio-active compounds

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
O. Uyi, ◽  
I.G. Amolo ◽  
A.D. Adetimehin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Worker Caste

Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.

scholarly journals Study of the Antimalarial Activity of the Leaf Extracts and Fractions of Persea americana and Dacryodes edulis and Their HPLC Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Philip F. Uzor ◽  
Chukwuebuka K. Onyishi ◽  
Adaeze P. Omaliko ◽  
Somtochukwu A. Nworgu ◽  
Onyemaechi H. Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

In the present study, the antimalarial activity of the extracts and fractions of the leaves of Persea americana and Dacryodes edulis as well as their phytochemical compositions were examined. Each of the extracts of the plants was successively fractionated to obtain hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water fractions. The extracts and fractions were tested against Plasmodium berghei in both curative and suppressive antimalarial mouse models. Their major phytochemical composition was studied by the standard chemical tests and HPLC analysis. The extracts and fractions of P. americana and D. edulis demonstrated significant ( p < 0.05 ) maximal plasmodial inhibition as 52.16 ± 2.77% and 57.10 ± 1.98%, respectively, and chemosuppression of parasitemia as 64.01 ± 0.08% and 71.99 ± 0.06%, respectively. The major secondary metabolites identified in the plants include alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. It was concluded that P. americana and D. edulis possess promising antimalarial activity and they are potential sources of new lead compounds against malaria.

scholarly journals Biogenic silver nanoparticles from Trichodesma indicum aqueous leaf extract against Mythimna separata and evaluation of its larvicidal efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul A. Buhroo ◽  
Gousul Nisa ◽  
Syed Asrafuzzaman ◽  
Ram Prasad ◽  
Razia Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

AbstractThe present exploration is focused on the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) usingTrichodesma indicumaqueous leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were productively characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM studies. The photosynthesis of Ag NPs was done at room temperature for 24 h and at 60°C. The green synthesis of spherical-shaped Ag NPs bio-fabricated fromT. indicumwith a face centred cubic structure showed average particle sizes of 20–50 nm, which is inconsistent with the particle size calculated by the XRD Scherer equation and TEM analysis. We further explored the larvicidal efficacy of biosynthesized Ag NPs with leaf extracts ofT. indicumagainstMythimna separata. The results showed that Ag NPs (20–50 nm) ofT. indicumpossess good larvicidal activity againstM. separatawith an LC50of 500 ppm. Thus, we can advocate that Ag NPs of 20–50 nm size extracted fromT. indicummay be considered in the pest management programme ofM. separatain future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of qualitative phytochemicals and antifungal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Senna tora on downy mildew of cabbage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.M. Zakari ◽  
A.A. Aliko ◽  
H Haruna ◽  
A Muazu
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This study was embarked upon to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Senna tora leaf against Perenospora parasitica, causing downy mildew on cabbage. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds and Carbohydrates) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 mg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Results obtained, revealed a significant difference in diameter of mycelial zone of inhibition between the concentrations. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded at 1000 and 500 mg/ml (20 and 15 mm) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined and recorded at 250 mg/ml. The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the downy mildew pathogen. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract.Keywords: Aqueous leaf extract, Downy mildew, Perenospora parasitica and Senna tora

scholarly journals In Vivo Antidiabetic Efficacy, Mineral Element Composition, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch.) Vatke and Olea europaea subspecies africana (Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervason Apiri Moriasi ◽  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Abstract Persistent hyperglycaemia is the hallmark of diabetes and is accountable for the devastating complications, which cause high morbidity and mortality. Conventional anti-diabetic agents are only palliative and characterised with limited efficacy, adverse effects, high costs, inaccessibility, prompting the need for better alternatives. Therefore, we investigated the in vivo hypoglycaemic activities, elemental composition, and qualitative phytochemistry of the aqueous leaf extracts of P. zanzibarica and O. europaea subspecies africana as potential sources of affordable, safer, accessible, and potent anti-diabetic therapies. In vivo hypoglycaemic activities of the studied plant extracts were evaluated at three dose levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/Kg body weight (bw) in Alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic Swiss albino mice. The elemental composition of the plant extracts was analysed using the energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF System) and the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Qualitative phytochemical screening was done following standard procedures. In this study, the aqueous leaf extract of P. zanzibarica, significantly (p<0.05) reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in mice from 163.26±2.24 mg/dL (at 0h) to 52.12±1.16 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight, 166.98±1.56 mg/dL (at 0h) to 48.90±1.40 mg/dL (at 4th h) at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight, and 168.64±2.96 mg/dL (at 0h) to 42.46±1.80 mg/dL (at 4th h) at a dose of 150 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. Similarly, the aqueous leaf extract of O. europaea subspecies africana significantly (p<0.05) reduced hyperglycaemia from 165.74±3.66 mg/dL (at 0h) to 65.26±1.46 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight, 158.14±3.49 mg/dL (at 0h) to 53.68±1.48 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight, and from 161.66±2.19 mg/dL (at 0h) to 44.48±1.35 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 150 mg/Kg body weight, respectively Furthermore, the extracts contained chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), among other elements, and phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, among others. Generally, the studied plant extracts exhibited significant hypoglycaemic efficacy in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice, indicating their antidiabetic potential, and possess pharmacologically active phytochemicals and valuable minerals.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Elizabeth FB ◽  
Obikili E.N ◽  
Esom A. E ◽  
Anyanwu G.E
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Agent

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD<sub>50</sub>. <em>Crinum giganteum</em> (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify    the bioactive agents and estimate the LD<sub>50</sub> for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. <strong>Method</strong>: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD<sub>50</sub> were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. <strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids,  saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD<sub>50 </sub>was found to be 200 mg/kg. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major active ingredients of<strong> </strong>aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Phytochemicals, <em>Crinum Giganteum</em>, LD<sub>50</sub>, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides</p><p> </p>

Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of Turnera subulata Smith (Passifloraceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
◽  
S Vinotha ◽  
A Vijayan ◽  
Anand Gideon V ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Leaf Extract

The investigation was carried out to determine the possible phytochemical constituents from aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Turnera subulata leaf extracts. Among the phytochemical screening of these extracts, Methanolic extract showed that the leaf was rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and quinones. The chemical composition of the plant leaf extract of T. subulata was investigated using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (Agilent-7890A GC instrument coupled with MS-5975) and NIST-MS library. GC-MS analysis of T. subulata plant leaf extract, revealed the existence of the GC-MS chromatogram of the major peaks presented in methanolic extract like Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate (23.244%), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-,methyl ester (8.654%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.654%), 4H-Pyran4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (6.598%), 1b,4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta[3,4] cyclopropa[8,9]cycloundec[1,2-b] oxiren-5(1aH)-one(5.400%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1- ol(5.400%), etc. From this study it is obvious that T. subulata leaf extract contains many biologically active compounds and also it gives a detailed insight about the phytochemical profile which could be exploited for the development of plant based drug.

scholarly journals Effect of Sesbania grandiflora Linn leaf extracts on diuresis in wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth K. ◽  
Pojala Kumar ◽  
Neeraja K. ◽  
Chakrapani Cheekavolu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diuretic Action ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Saluretic Activity

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sesbania grandiflora linn leaf extracts on diuretic activity in wistar rats.Methods: Healthy male wistar albino rats divided into 9 groups and weighing 150-200gm.diuretic activity was expressed by Natriuretic activity, saluretic activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, Diuretic index or Diuretic action, saluretic index, Natriuretic index. Animalgroups are divided into: group1 treated as control, 2and 3 treated as standards, group 4, 5 and 6 treated with aqueous leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. in different doses of 150,300,450mg/kg. Group 7,8and 9 treated with methanolic leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Doses of 150,300,450mg/kg.Results: No change in body weight group treated with AE-150 (p>0.05) with AE-150 (0.1%), increase in urine volume with increasing doses both with aqueous and methanolic extracts, sodium excretion with methanolic extract was high compared with the aqueous extract, significant increase in potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extract treated groups.All the statistical tests were done by using SPSS version 6. The level of significance was 5% (p≤0.05).Conclusions: All the electrolytes concentration was increased in the urine, hence excluding osmotic diuretic action. Diuretic index, saluretic activity, saluretic index and natriuretic index of ME-450 were more than the value of hydrochlorothiazide hence excludes thiazide diuretic action. But these values were less than furosemide.

scholarly journals Studies on Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Oraon ◽  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. on seed germination and early growth stages of an economically important plant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Aqueous leaf extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and early growth stages under laboratory conditions. Laboratory-based experiments with three replicates were used to arrange treatments accordingly. After 5 days of incubation the rate of seed germination, radicle length and hypocotyls length etc. of chickpea seeds were observed after treatment with aqueous leaf extracts. Highest inhibitory effect was noticed in 100% of aqueous leaf extract. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extracts. The water soluble leaf extracts contain allelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination and reduced the early growth of chickpea.

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