scholarly journals Impact of some phytohormones, metabolic inhibitor and agrochemicals on senescing paddy leaves and its relevance to productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Haseena Rafath
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Made In

The influence of hormones viz. Indole acetic acid (IAA), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Cytokinins viz. Benzyladenine (BA), Benzimidazole (BZI), biocides viz. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Diathane M-45, Dimecron and metabolic inhibitors viz. Cycloheximide (CHI) and Actinomycin-D (Act-D) on senescence in detached paddy (Oryza sativa L.) leaves was studied under dark and illuminated conditions. Cytokinins were found to be more effective senescence retardants in light than in dark while auxins were effective in light. Biocides proved to be milder senescence retardants. Effective concentration, a concentration away from the ineffective and toxic range, chosen from IAA, GA3, BA, BZI, 2,4-D, Diathane M-45 and Dimecron were 25,100, 5, 100, 25, 1500 and 0.50 ppm respectively. Application of Act-D (inhibitor of mRNA synthesis) with in 15 min after detachment and cycloheximide (inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) from the start of the incubation resulted in suppression of peroxidase activity both under light and dark. Catalase activity exhibited an inverse relation with peroxidase activity under both the experimental conditions. It is recommended that attempts must be made in a more sophisticated way to study the changes in activities of different enzymes suspected to be linked with leaf senescence at a deeper level using all modern techniques available so that the exact nature of enzymes, the isoenzymes pattern and their relation with yield can be understood. Such studies may also help in future in manipulating the projects for the improvement of this economically important cereal crop.

EFFECT OF SOME METABOLIC INHIBITORS AND GROWTH HORMONES ON THE SPORULATION AND GROWTH OF AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
P. P. Kar ◽  
D. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Azolla Microphylla ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Thiourea Solution

Foliar sprays of 25–100 mg L−1 dinitrophenol, sodium azide (NaN3) and thiourea solution applied to Azolla microphylla (strains 202 and 203) at seven days after inoculation significantly increased the sporulation frequency and number of micro- and mega-sporocarps per plant. Azolla biomass production was decreased by the application of NaN3 at 50–100 mg L−1 and dinitrophenol or thiourea at 75 and 100 mg L−1. Both the sporulation frequency and sporocarp number were maximal with dinitrophenol and NaN3 at 100 mg L−1 and thiourea at 75 mg L−1. At this concentration, NaN3 was more effective than dinitrophenol and thiourea in enhancing sporulation in A. microphylla (strain 203). The sporulation frequency and micro-sporocarp number were significantly higher with gibberellic acid (2.5 mg L−1) than with indole acetic acid (6 mg L−1) application, while the effects of NaN3 were comparable with those of gibberellic acid. The mega-sporocarp numbers in these treatments were comparable. The combined application of any two of the metabolic inhibitors had antagonistic effects and decreased the sporulation frequency and sporocarp number over their individual applications. Combined applications also substantially reduced the biomass production. The application of gibberellic acid or indole acetic acid along with one of the metabolic inhibitors had synergistic effects on the formation of sporocarps and significantly increased the biomass production, irrespective of the metabolic inhibitor treatment. The number of both micro- and mega-sporocarps in the gibberellic acid + NaN3 and indole acetic acid + NaN3 treatments, and micro-sporocarps in the gibberellic acid + dinitrophenol, indole acetic acid + dinitrophenol and indole acetic acid + thiourea treatments was significantly higher than when each of these chemicals was applied alone. Of the different combinations of gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid and NaN3, gibberellic acid + NaN3 recorded the highest sporulation frequency and micro-sporocarp number, and indole acetic acid + NaN3 the highest mega-sporocarp number. Application of all three chemicals together had no extra advantage.

scholarly journals Uji Potensi Bakteri Endofit Kitinolitik Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Sebagai Penghasil Hormon IAA (Indole Acetic Acid)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hanafi ◽  
Susiana Purwantisari ◽  
Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Tryptophan Concentration

IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) is a hormone in plants that was role in the cleavage of roots, inhibits the growth of side shoots, stimulate cell division and the formation of xylem and phloem tissue. This study aimed to test the potential of endophytic bacteria chitinolytic rice crop as hormone-producing IAA. This study uses 9 isolates of endophytic bacteria chitinolytic rice plants in isolation during practical work. The experiment consisted of 15 treatments and 3 replications. This study uses a randomized block design. The treatments tryptophan concentration combined with a variation pH, the endophytic bacteria grown on media chitinolytic tryptophan concentration of 0 mg/L, 102 mg/L, 204 mg/L, 306 mg/L and 408 mg/L are combined with pH 5, 7 and 9. the treatment was observed for 48 hours and observation once every 3 hours. The measured variable is the result of the production of IAA hormone with the treatment combination of tryptophan with pH. IAA hormone outcome data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance Univariates at level of 95%. IAA hormone qualitative test results showed positive results in bacterial isolates KA12, KA11 and KB24. IAA hormone quantitative results of bacterial isolates producing IAA hormone KA12 high of 2,03 mg/L in the combination treatment of tryptophan 408 mg/L at pH 7 at 24 hours incubation. KA12 bacterial isolates are endophytic bacteria chitinolytic potential to produce hormones IAA, yet the results of data analysis showed that each treatment combination with pH tryptophan to IAA production were not significantly different. Keywords: hormone IAA, chitinolytic endophytic bacteria, tryptophan, pH

Antagonistic Effects of MCPA on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control with Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Olson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Inhibition

Experiments were conducted in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environment chambers to determine the extent to which MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} antagonizes wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) control with diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Wild oat control with diclofop at 1 kg/ha was reduced from 96% when used alone to 76, 48, 31, and 14% by tank mixture with IAA (3-indole acetic acid), MCPA, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), respectively. Wild oat control with diclofop applied alone at 1.1 kg/ha was similar to that of diclofop at 2.2 kg/ha applied as a tank mixture with MCPA at 0.15 or 0.3 kg/ha. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop increased as the post-treatment temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop was the same whether the herbicides were applied to the foliage only or to the foliage and soil. Approximately 20% of the wild oat root inhibition with diclofop applied postemergence, however, was from diclofop uptake from the soil. MCPA at 0.6 kg/ha did not reduce wild oat control when applied as a sequential treatment 2 days before or 1 day after diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha.

The Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors on Herbicide Movement in Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Taylor ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Pretreatment of bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) petiole sections with one of several metabolic inhibitors greatly stimulated the movement of 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D). However, the movement of 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (linuron), and isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) was stimulated only slightly or not at all. The basipetal movement of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was inhibited by concentrations of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) which stimulated respiration (5 × 10−7M to 5 × 10−8M). Acropetal movement was stimulated by dinoseb concentrations greater than 10−5M. Translocation of root-applied amiben and 2,4-D to the stems and leaves of whole plants of bean, squash (Curcurbita pepoL.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) was stimulated by dinoseb root applications only at concentrations which were highly injurious to the plants. Amiben, 2,4-D, and their metabolites were extracted from dinosebtreated and untreated tissues. The stem exudate from cucumber plants fed amiben and 2,4-D via the roots contained primarily the parent compounds, which indicates that the parent compounds are the primary components translocated through the xylem.

Uptake and Translocation of 2,4-D-1-14C in Parrotfeather

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sutton ◽  
S. W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Transpiration Stream ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Root applications of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at concentrations of 2.5 × 10−8M or higher inhibited growth of emersed parrotfeather (Myriophyllum brasilienseCamb.). There was little acropetal movement after applications of 1.1 × 10−5M 2,4-D-1-14C to the roots of emersed parrotfeather. When the metabolic inhibitor dinitrophenol at concentrations of 10−3or 10−4M was root-applied concomitantly with 10−8M 2,4-D-1-14C, there was an acropetal movement of radioactivity in the transpiration stream to the plant shoot. Basipetal movement occurred in the phloem after applications of 2.2 μg 2,4-D-1-14C to mature leaves in the shoot center of emersed parrotfeather.

An interrelationship among peroxidase, IAA oxidase, and polyphenol oxidase from peanut cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2630-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Srivastava ◽  
R. B. van Huystee
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Iaa Oxidase

Two methods were used to separate heme and apoenzyme from the holoenzyme of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) isolated from medium of cultured peanut cells. Apoenzyme prepared by either method lacked peroxidase activity but possessed indole acetic acid (IAA) oxidase and poly phenol oxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.18.1) activity. When the holoenzyme was reconstituted with heme and apoenzyme, peroxidase activity was restored. The studies on the active site revealed that PPO and IAA oxidase share the same active site on the apoenzyme.

Effects of growth-regulating substances on fungi

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Leelavathy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Nivale

The effects of four growth-regulating substances, viz. indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid on the linear growth of Penicillium herquei, Fusarium nivale, Thielavia terricola, and Cunninghamella echinulata were studied. Gibberellic acid at 400 p.p.m. did not reduce fungal growth, whereas the remaining substances at this rate inhibited fungal growth completely. Certain concentrations of the latter substances reduced while others had no influence on growth rate. Gibberellic acid at 1 and 5 p.p.m. was the only substance causing some stimulation of Fusarium nivale. Neither this stimulation nor the inhibition in other cases was constant with regard to growth-regulating substances and fungal species. In general, low concentrations of the growth-regulating substances had no effect on the growth of any of the fungi tested while high concentrations mostly inhibited growth to various extents.

Peroxidase Activity May Play a Role in the Cytotoxic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid*

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariza Pires de Melo ◽  
Tania Cristina Pithon Curi ◽  
Rui Curl ◽  
Paolo Di Mascio ◽  
Giuseppe Cilento
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid
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