Phosphate Coatings Suitable for Personal Protective Equipment

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Mechanical Shocks ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Steel Equipment

Phosphate coatings can improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel equipment such as carabiners. The specific porosity of the phosphate layer allows the deposition of an elastomer-based paint for absorbing mechanical shocks. The book is relevant for fundamental and applied research in the field of protective phosphate layers and their industrial applications. It also describes how to design and develop phosphating solutions that differ in the type and concentration of metal ions dissolved in phosphoric acid.

scholarly journals Phosphate Coatings: EIS and SEM Applied to Evaluate the Corrosion Behavior of Steel in Fire Extinguishing Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7802
Author(s):  
Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Gabriel Dragos Vasilescu ◽  
Dumitru-Doru Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Ramona Cimpoesu ◽  
Costica Bejinariu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
In Fire

Phosphate coatings are one of the most important methods in preventing metal corrosion, especially iron alloys. The high interest in this method for industrial applications is mainly due to the low costs associated with the phosphating solution component and technological process. Considering this aspect and the advantages offered to the materials (corrosion resistance, good adhesion, wear resistance), this study evaluates the potential of using the phosphate coating method in health and safety applications. Therefore, the deposition of a layer of zinc phosphate on the steel surface used in the manufacture of components for personal protective equipment was approached. Firefighters, during rescue/evacuation operations, use protective equipment for fall arrest, whose accessories (hooks, carabiners) are made of steel. Due to the low corrosion resistance property of carbon steel, these accessories must be replaced frequently. This paper aims to analyze the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in a fire extinguishing solution. Accordingly, the electrochemical behavior of two different types of coatings was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the literature, different corrosion evaluating methods or systems have been considered, and up until now, there has been no previous study to have approached the corrosive behavior of C45, phosphate C45, and painted phosphate C45 immersed in fire extinguishing solution.

scholarly journals Nano-TiO2 Phosphate Conversion Coatings – A Chemical Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh S. Bagal ◽  
Vaibhav S. Kathavate ◽  
Pravin P. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Coating Weight

AbstractThe present study aims at deposition of zinc phosphate coatings on low carbon steel with incorporated nano- TiO2 particles by chemical phosphating method. The coated low carbon steel samples were assessed in corrosion studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques (Tafel) in 3.5% NaCl solution. Morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to observe growth of coating. Significant variations in the coating weight, porosity and corrosion resistance were observed with the addition of nano- TiO2 in the phosphating bath. Corrosion rate of nano-TiO2 chemical phosphate coated samples was found to be 3.5 milli inches per year which was 3 times less than the normal phosphate-coated sample (8 mpy). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies reveal reduction of porosity of nano-TiO2 phosphate coated samples. It was found that nano-TiO2 particles in the phosphating solution yielded uniform phosphate coatings of higher coating weight, fewer defects and enhanced corrosion resistance than the normal zinc phosphate coatings (developed using normal phosphating bath).

scholarly journals Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Hardness Properties of Carbon Steel through Modification of Microstructure

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Handoko ◽  
Farshid Pahlevani ◽  
Veena Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction

Steel has played a primary role as structural and fabricating materials in various industrial applications—including the construction sector. One of the most important properties of steel that required a constant improvement is corrosion resistance specifically in corrosive environment. For this purpose, various approaches have been conducted through different heat treatment parameters to compare its microstructural engineering on chemical and mechanical properties. In this paper, correlation of different microstructure on corrosion resistance and hardness properties have been investigated. Three different heat treatment cycle have been applied on carbon steel with same composition to prepare dual-structure (DS) steel that consisted of ferrite/pearlite and triple-structure (TS) with ferrite/pearlite/bainite and ferrite/bainite/martensite. Phase transformation during heat treatment process was analyzed through in-situ ultra-high temperature confocal microscopy. Effect of corrosion behavior on these steels was investigated by Tafel plot, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy (3DLSCM), and calculation of phase volume fraction by ImageJ. Mechanical test was conducted by Vickers hardness test. It has been found that TS steels that have improvement in corrosion resistance accounted around 5.31% and hardness value for up to 27.34% more than DS steel, because of tertiary phase—bainite/martensite. This corrosion rate was reduced due to decreased numbers of pit growth and lower level of boundary corrosion as bainite/martensite phases emerged.

scholarly journals Nano Metal Dioxide Incorporated Conversion Phosphate Coatings—A Chemical Approach

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh S. Bagal ◽  
Vaibhav S. Kathavate ◽  
Pravin P. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Coating Weight

The present study aims at deposition of zinc phosphate coatings with the incorporation of nano Titanium dioxide particles by chemical phosphating method. Zinc phosphate coatings were developed on low carbon steel by using nano TiO2 in the standard phosphating bath. The Coated low carbon steel samples were assessed for corrosion studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution. Chemical composition of the coatings was analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant variations in the coating weight, porosity and corrosion resistance were observed with the addition of nano TiO2 in the phosphating bath. Corrosion rate of nano TiO2 incorporated chemical phosphate coated samples was found to be 3.5 mpy which was 4 times less than the bare uncoated low carbon steel (~14 mpy). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revels in the reduction of porosity in nano TiO2 phosphate coated samples. It was found that nano TiO2 particles in the phosphating solution yielded phosphate coatings of higher coating weight, greater surface coverage and enhanced corrosion resistance than the normal zinc phosphate coatings (developed using normal phosphating bath).

A One-Step Pack Cementation Method for Preparing AlN/Aluminizing Coating with Good Corrosion Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Jiao Jiao Du ◽  
Zhong Wei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pack Cementation ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
One Step

AlN/aluminizing coating with good corrosion resistance on carbon steel was prepared by one-step powder pack method. The phase compositions were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction spectrum (XRD). The cross-sections were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). According the analysis above, the appropriate powder formula and technological parameter were determined: 40 wt.% Al + 50 wt.%Al2O3 + 5 wt.% NH4Cl + 5 wt.%CeO2, heating from 800 °C and maintaining at 900 °C for 6 hours. The corrosion resistance of specimen with AlN/aluminizing coating were measured by electrochemical test. The electrochemical measurement suggested that the corrosion resistance property of carbon steel was remarkably improved by fabricating AlN/aluminizing film. The process of pack cementation method in this fabrication is very simple, low-cost and facile, which opens a promising and effective path for industrial applications for AlN/aluminizing coating on various metallic materials.

scholarly journals Carbon steel carabiners improvements for use in potentially explosive atmospheres

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Costica Bejinariu ◽  
Stefan-Lucian Toma ◽  
Andrei-Catalin Tugui ◽  
Elena-Raluca Baciu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Combustible Gases

In cases where an explosive atmosphere contains several types of inflammable and/or combustible gases, steams or powders, the protection measures must be appropriate to the highest possible danger. However, the employer must pay special attention to the workplace and to any factor that can influence the working conditions, especially to those related to the workers. Therefore, any device, tool or equipment used by the human operator must possess special properties. In addition to protective clothing, workers who work at heights must receive personal protective equipment against falling that includes multiple linking elements known as carabiners. The carabiners used in this equipment must be made of non-sparking material. The aim of this paper is to propose a spark characteristic improvement of carbon steel used in carabiners manufacturing by deposition of zinc phosphate coating.

scholarly journals Nano Metal Dioxide Incorporated Conversion Phosphate Coatings—A Chemical Approach

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh S. Bagal ◽  
Vaibhav S. Kathavate ◽  
Pravin P. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Coating Weight

The present study aims at deposition of zinc phosphate coatings with the incorporation of nano Titanium dioxide particles by chemical phosphating method. Zinc phosphate coatings were developed on low carbon steel by using nano TiO2 in the standard phosphating bath. The Coated low carbon steel samples were assessed for corrosion studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution. Chemical composition of the coatings was analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant variations in the coating weight, porosity and corrosion resistance were observed with the addition of nano TiO2 in the phosphating bath. Corrosion rate of nano TiO2 incorporated chemical phosphate coated samples was found to be 3.5 mpy which was 4 times less than the bare uncoated low carbon steel (~14 mpy). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revels in the reduction of porosity in nano TiO2 phosphate coated samples. It was found that nano TiO2 particles in the phosphating solution yielded phosphate coatings of higher coating weight, greater surface coverage and enhanced corrosion resistance than the normal zinc phosphate coatings (developed using normal phosphating bath).

scholarly journals Phosphate Surface Treatment for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of the C45 Carbon Steel Used in Carabiners Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3410
Author(s):  
Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Costica Bejinariu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Mechanical Shocks ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Corrosive Environments

This study approaches the issues which appear during carabiner use and analyses the possibility to eliminate them. Therefore, to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, used in carabiners manufacturing, three different insoluble phosphate layers were deposited on the samples’ surface. The layers were obtained by immersion in zinc-based phosphate solution, zinc/iron-based phosphate solution and manganese-based phosphate solution, Afterwards, to protect against mechanical shocks, a layer of elastomer-based paint was deposited. Furthermore, to reduce rope wear by decreasing the value of the coefficient of friction, the samples were impregnated in molybdenum disulfide-based lubricant. This study aims to analyse the corrosion behaviour of the layers deposited on the carbon steel surface in three of the most common corrosive environments (rainwater, seawater and fire extinguishing solution) by linear and cyclic polarisation. The overall results show that all types of deposited layers increase the corrosion resistance of C45 steel. The experimental results revealed that the samples coated with a phosphate layer obtained by immersion in the zinc-based phosphate solution possess the highest corrosion resistance among the phosphate samples.

scholarly journals Phosphating Depositions for Equipment’s Used in Explosive Atmospheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 10011
Author(s):  
Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽  
Adrian-Marius Jurca ◽  
Catalin-Mihai Popa ◽  
Ramona Cimpoesu ◽  
Doru-Costin Darabont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Static Electricity ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
Phosphate Layer

According to the ATEX directive, any personal protective equipment or work equipment intended to be used in a potentially explosive area must be made of materials that cannot be the source of mechanical or static electricity-related sparks. The carbon steel is one of the most widely used metallic materials, but the possibility of using it in the manufacture of equipment used in explosive environments is low. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present an alternative solution to use metal equipment in potentially explosive atmospheres, by depositing a phosphate layer on the surface of the carbon steel. The metal was coated by a simple process, the metal being immersed in a phosphating solution based on zinc. Due to the properties of zinc phosphate deposited on the steel surface, especially electrical insulating, the steel coated with this type of layer can be used in explosive atmosphere.

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