Adenosine A1 Receptor: Analysis of the Potential Therapeutic Effects Obtained by its Activation in the Central Nervous System

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 1923-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Dalpiaz ◽  
Stefano Manfredini
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adenosine A1 Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adenosine A1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
A1 Receptor

scholarly journals Prospects for Applying Xenon Curative Properties in Pediatrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Sabinina ◽  
Vladimir G. Bagaev ◽  
Ilia F. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Ideal

The review discusses experimental and clinical trials on applying noble gas Xenon to treat therapeutic conditions in adults, as well as the prospects for its applying in children. Xenon therapeutic effects on the body are based on the healing properties of a noble gas. Xenon is close to the ‘ideal anesthetic’ by its anesthetic properties; but in addition, it possesses organoand neuroprotective as well as anti-stress properties which have been proved in experiment and clinically. Xenon in pediatric practice is an attractive agent because it is non-toxic, effective for the treatment of posthypoxic and traumatic impairments of the central nervous system, pain syndromes and stress conditions at its therapeutic concentration up to 30%.

scholarly journals Treatment of the bone marrow stromal stem cell supernatant by nasal administration—a new approach to EAE therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Wantong Zhai ◽  
Jiahui Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyi Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Nasal Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Functional Features

Abstract Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS has its own unique structural and functional features, while the lack of precision regulatory element with high specificity as therapeutic targets makes the development of disease treatment in the bottleneck. Recently, the immunomodulation and neuroprotection capabilities of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were shown in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the administration route and the safety evaluation limit the application of BMSC. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC supernatant by nasal administration. Methods In the basis of the establishment of the EAE model, the BMSC supernatant were treated by nasal administration. The clinical score and weight were used to determine the therapeutic effect. The demyelination of the spinal cord was detected by LFB staining. ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in serum of peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was performed to detect pro-inflammatory cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes. Results BMSC supernatant by nasal administration can alleviate B cell-mediated clinical symptoms of EAE, decrease the degree of demyelination, and reduce the inflammatory cells infiltrated into the central nervous system; lessen the antibody titer in peripheral bloods; and significantly lower the expression of inflammatory factors. As a new, non-invasive treatment, there are no differences in the therapeutic effects between BMSC supernatant treated by nasal route and the conventional applications, i.e. intraperitoneal or intravenous injection. Conclusions BMSC supernatant administered via the nasal cavity provide new sights and new ways for the EAE therapy.

scholarly journals Signaling through the S1P−S1PR Axis in the Gut, the Immune and the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis: Implication for Pathogenesis and Treatment

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3217
Author(s):  
Simela Chatzikonstantinou ◽  
Vasiliki Poulidou ◽  
Marianthi Arnaoutoglou ◽  
Dimitrios Kazis ◽  
Ioannis Heliopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling molecule with complex biological functions that are exerted through the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1–5 (S1PR1–5). S1PR expression is necessary for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and, importantly, for the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs. Since the inflammatory process is a key element of immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), S1PR modulators are currently used to ameliorate systemic immune responses. The ubiquitous expression of S1PRs by immune, intestinal and neural cells has significant implications for the regulation of the gut–brain axis. The dysfunction of this bidirectional communication system may be a significant factor contributing to MS pathogenesis, since an impaired intestinal barrier could lead to interaction between immune cells and microbiota with a potential to initiate abnormal local and systemic immune responses towards the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that the secondary mechanisms of S1PR modulators affecting the gut immune system, the intestinal barrier and directly the CNS, are coordinated to promote therapeutic effects. The scope of this review is to focus on S1P−S1PR functions in the cells of the CNS, the gut and the immune system with particular emphasis on the immunologic effects of S1PR modulation and its implication in MS.

The Circulatory System and Mental Disorder

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (346) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Golla
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Circulatory Disturbance ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prof. Golla, in introducing the discussion, said: I do not think there is any subject that is of greater importance at the present moment than the physiology and the pathology of the circulation of the central nervous system. I am dealing now with the physiology, with a view to putting a few facts before you which are fairly well authenticated, and pointing out how very little we know at present. I do not intend to speak of the pathological aspect, but I may remind you, in passing, of such things as the therapeutic effects of amytal and of CO2. Again, in the case of epilepsy, whatever one's ultimate view of epilepsy is, we are all agreed that circulatory disturbance plays a very large part.

Viloxazine in the Treatment of Depressive Neurosis: A Controlled Clinical Study with Doxepin and Placebo

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. McEvoy ◽  
William F. Sheridan ◽  
W. R. C. Stewart ◽  
Thomas A. Ban ◽  
William H. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Central Nervous System Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

SummaryIn a four-week, double-blind, clinical trial thirty-one patients with depressive neurosis were treated with viloxazine, doxepin, or placebo. There were no differences among the three groups in therapeutic effects. Many depressed out-patients improve on placebo. Viloxazine hydrochloride is one of a series of compounds developed to explore the central nervous system activity of the aryloxypropanolamine type of β-adreno-receptor antagonists. Initial clinical studies support the hypothesis that viloxazine has antidepressant properties in man (Bayliss et al, 1974; Bereen, 1973; Pichot et al, 1975; Tsegos and Ekdawi, 1974).

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