scholarly journals The State of Water in Proton Conducting Membranes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry R. Allcock ◽  
Alan Benesi ◽  
Digby D. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Conducting Membranes

Water sorption properties of and the state of water in PVDF-based proton conducting membranes

1997 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I Ostrovskii ◽  
L.M Torell ◽  
M Paronen ◽  
S Hietala ◽  
F Sundholm
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
The State ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Water Sorption Properties ◽  
Conducting Membranes

A study on the state of PWA in PVDF-based proton conducting membranes by Raman spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (7-10) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A MARTINELLI ◽  
A MATIC ◽  
P JACOBSSON ◽  
L BORJESSON ◽  
M NAVARRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
The State ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Conducting Membranes

Thermal studies of the state of water in proton conducting fuel cell membranes

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Kalapos ◽  
B. Decker ◽  
H.A. Every ◽  
H. Ghassemi ◽  
T.A. Zawodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Fuel Cell Membranes ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
State Of Water

ELECTRODYNAMIC SENSOR FOR ASSESSING TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE STATE OF WATER IN BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1112
Author(s):  
Ch. Liu ◽  
I. N. Bondarenko ◽  
A. Yu. Panchenko ◽  
N. I. Slipchenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
State Of Water

ELECTRODYNAMIC SENSOR FOR DETERMINING THE STATE OF WATER IN BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
Ch. Liu ◽  
I. N. Bondarenko ◽  
A. Yu. Panchenko ◽  
N. I. Slipchenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
State Of Water

CONSIDERATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF pH IN SURFACE WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V. B. Korobov ◽  
I. V. Miskevich ◽  
A. S. Lokhov ◽  
K. A. Seredkin
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Unit Characteristic

Abstract: pH is one of the most important parameters characterizing the state of water systems. The arithmetic mean values of samples are often used when averaging serial pH measurements in water bodies, as is usually done for other characteristics of the state of the natural environment (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentrations, suspended solids, etc.). However, in this case such an operation is illegal, since the addition of logarithms, which by definition are pH, is non-additive. The authors conducted a study to determine the extent to which pH variability in natural objects such an operation would not distort the results. For this, several samples of the pH index were generated in various ranges of its theoretically possible and natural variability. It was established that with pH variability of less than a unit characteristic of marine pH values, the statistical characteristics of the indicator and [H+ ] concentrations differ slightly, and the medians of the samples coincide. It is concluded that with such ranges characteristic of the waters of the oceans, there is no need to recalculate previously obtained results. However, for the estuaries of rivers flowing into tidal seas, as shown by field measurements, the pH variability in the mixing zone of sea and river waters is several times higher. Similar situations may occur when heavy precipitation falls on the water surface, as well as during floods. In these cases, a simple averaging of the pH values will no longer be correct. In such cases, the use of other averaging algorithms and the choice of stable statistical characteristics are required.

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