scholarly journals Delineation of a wellhead protection zone and determination of flowpaths from potential groundwater contaminant source areas at Camp Ripley, Little Falls, Minnesota.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Wellhead Protection ◽  
Potential Groundwater

scholarly journals Determination of the rockfall source in an urban settlement area by using a rule-based fuzzy evaluation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aksoy ◽  
M. Ercanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The City

Abstract. The evaluation of the rockfall initiation mechanism and the simulation of the runout behavior is an important issue in the prevention and remedial measures for potential rockfall hazards in highway protection, in forest preservation, and especially in urban settlement areas. In most of the studies in the literature, the extent of the rockfall hazard was determined by various techniques basing on the selection of a rockfall source, generally defined as zones of rock bodies having slope angles higher than a certain value, proposed by general practice. In the present study, it was aimed to carry out a rule-based fuzzy analysis on the discontinuity data of andesites in the city of Ankara, Turkey, in order to bring a different and rather systematic approach to determine the source areas for rockfall hazard in an urban settlement, based on the discontinuity and natural slope features. First, to obtain rock source areas (RSAs), data obtained from the field studies were combined with a rule-based fuzzy evaluation, incorporating the altitude difference, the number of discontinuities, the number of wedges and the number of potential slides as the parameters of the fuzzy sets. After processing the outputs of the rule-based fuzzy system and producing the linguistic definitions, it could be possible to obtain potential RSAs. According to the RSA maps, 1.7% of the study area was found to have "high RSA", and 5.8% of the study area was assigned as "medium RSA". Then, potential rockfall hazard map was prepared. At the final stage, based upon the high and medium RSAs, 3.6% of the study area showed "high rockfall potential", while areal distribution of "medium rockfall potential" was found as 7.9%. Both RSA and potential rockfall hazard map were in accordance with the observations performed in the field.

scholarly journals Assessment of rockfall hazard on the steep-high slopes: Ermenek (Karaman, Turkey)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayet Taga ◽  
Kıvanç Zorlu
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Rock Bolting ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The City

Abstract. Ermenek is one of the curious settlement areas because of its topographical features in Karaman (Turkey). The city is located in northern side of the very steep cliffs formed byjointed limestone which are suddenly increased from 1250 m to 1850 m. Moreover, these cliffs having almost 90° slope dip are the main rockfall source areas due to their lithologicalcharacteristics, climatic effects and engineering properties of rock units. Up to now, depending on rockfall events, almost 500 residences were damaged severely, and losses oflives were also recorded in Ermenek. The rockfall phonemon are initiated by discontinuities, lithological changes, weathering and freeze-thaw process in the study area. In this study,extensive fieldwork including determination of location and dimension of hanging, detached and already fallen blocks, a detailed discontinuity survey, description of geological,morphological and topographical characteristics was performed. Besides, rockfall hazard is evaluated by two-dimensional rockfall analyses along 10 profiles. During the rockfallanalyses; run out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of various size of blocks for each profiles are determined by using RocFall v4.0 software. The results obtainedfrom rockfall analyses were used to map the areas possible rockfall hazard zones and rockfall source areas were interpreted. According to rockfall analysis, field study and laboratory testing, protective and preventiverecommendations can be suggested for the areas under rockfall threat. But, the most widely- known remedial measures in literature such as trenches, retaining walls (barrier), wiremeshes, cable/streching nets and rock bolting etc. are not sufficient in the study area, due to topographical, atmospheric and lithological features. For these reasons, firstly total evacuation of the danger zone should be applied and then hanging blocks in the reachablelocations can be removed taking safety measures in this area to make it safer for the living people.

How Uncertain Is Our Estimate of a Wellhead Protection Zone?

Ground Water ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Evers ◽  
David N. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Protection Zone ◽  
Wellhead Protection

Determination of a well head protection zone by stochastic inverse modelling

1998 ◽  
Vol 206 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vassolo ◽  
W. Kinzelbach ◽  
W. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Head Protection

scholarly journals Determination of an Annual Groundwater Recharge and Demand in Oke-Ero LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem A Agboola ◽  
Babatunde K Adeogun ◽  
Morufu A Ajibike
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
The People ◽  
Potential Groundwater ◽  
Daily Water

Efficient groundwater management, water consumption rate and quantitative determination of the amount of rainfall that recharges groundwater naturally is essential for a place like Oke-Ero LGA where  the people in Oke-Ero depend mainly on groundwater as the only source of water supply. In this work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the amount of rainfall that recharges aquifers using Krishna model with a view to knowing the groundwater potential of the area and determine the water consumption rate. This study established that Oke-Ero LGA has 65.7 million cubic meters (MCM) groundwater potential annually, from the survey output the average daily water demand in Oke-Ero is 75 l/c/d. The total water demands across the LGA based on 2016 population estimate is 2.11 MCM/year with anticipated increase of 4.34 MCM/year by 2040 and expected water demand increase rate of 3.2% annually. This work has ascertained that the available water is sufficient to take care of the water demand of the people in Oke-Ero LGA and it also shows that there is more water for other activities such as industrial purposes. Keywords - Groundwater potential, Groundwater recharge, Oke-Ero LGA, Water demand. 

scholarly journals LEGAL AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE BOUNDARIES OF WATER BODIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF LAKE BAIKAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-189
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Sayenko ◽  
Daria V. Parkhomenko ◽  
Maxim I. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
State Register ◽  
Technical Measures

The location of the boundaries of territories and zones is a characteristic, neglect of which can jeopardize not just the fact of the integrity of the object, but also the question of its existence. Therefore, the individualization of objects has always been assigned a special role. On the example of unsuccessful attempts to determine the boundaries of Lake Baikal and the corresponding zones with special conditions for the use of territories, the article examines the features of the development of legislation in this area. A comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of incorrect determination of the boundaries of the coastline, coastal protective strip and water protection zone of Lake Baikal has been carried out. The spontaneous legal practical experience of law enforcers was taken into account, starting with the ideological and normative-conceptual model, which was forcedly formed in the conditions of unsystematic scientific and technical measures, ending with variations of judicial interpretations of the true will of the legislator. Drawing attention to the problems of unsystematic entry and use of information from the Unified State Register of Real Estate in the management of the coastal territories of Lake Baikal is one of the main goals of the authors of this publication. The article provides general recommendations for correcting the situation.

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