scholarly journals Energy penalty analysis of possible cooling water intake structurerequirements on existing coal-fired power plants.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Veil ◽  
D. J. Littleton ◽  
R. W. Gross ◽  
D. N. Smith ◽  
E.L., Jr. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
Penalty Analysis

Analysis on Critical Factors of Marine Organism Impacts on Water Intake Safety at Nuclear Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Fu ◽  
Fenglei Du ◽  
Xiang Pu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Fengze Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions

Abstract The safety of cooling water intake in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has gradually become an important factor affecting the safety of NPPs. Marine flora and fauna outbreaks are one of the main types affecting the safety of cooling water intake in NPPs, and the driving mechanism is more complicated and difficult to predict. This paper mainly analyzes the main types and typical cases of marine organisms that cause cooling water intake blockage in NPPs, and analyzes the key factors such as hydrodynamic conditions, timing of organism's outbreak, characteristics of species, and design of the screen systems. The results show that strong hydrodynamic conditions or strong tides caused by special meteorological conditions are important factors. Considering the time of organism's outbreak, spring and summer (May–August, may change slightly according to different latitude) is key period because of the reproduction and growth of most marine organisms, according to the growth law of marine organisms. In terms of biological characteristics, it is sensible to focus on those species with fast growth, strong reproductive capacity, short life cycle, weak swimming ability, and cluster distribution. As to the design of screen systems, the blockage mainly occurs in revolving filter screens. The grid spacing of normal mechanical grille is too large to block the small marine organisms. It is necessary to add trash interception nets according to the type and size of the marine species. Finally, a case is used to confirm the factors needed to pay more attention.

scholarly journals Modeling Possible Cooling-Water Intake System Impacts on Ohio River Fish Populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 58-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elgin Perry ◽  
Greg Seegert ◽  
Joe Vondruska ◽  
Timothy Lohner ◽  
Randy Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Intake System

To assess the possible impacts caused by cooling-water intake system entrainment and impingement losses, populations of six target fish species near power plants on the Ohio River were modeled. A Leslie matrix model was constructed to allow an evaluation of bluegill, freshwater drum, emerald shiner, gizzard shad, sauger, and white bass populations within five river pools. Site-specific information on fish abundance and length-frequency distribution was obtained from long-term Ohio River Ecological Research Program and Ohio River Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) electrofishing monitoring programs. Entrainment and impingement data were obtained from 316(b) demonstrations previously completed at eight Ohio River power plants. The model was first run under a scenario representative of current conditions, which included fish losses due to entrainment and impingement. The model was then rerun with these losses added back into the populations, representative of what would happen if all entrainment and impingement losses were eliminated. The model was run to represent a 50-year time period, which is a typical life span for an Ohio River coal-fired power plant. Percent changes between populations modeled with and without entrainment and impingement losses in each pool were compared to the mean interannual coefficient of variation (CV), a measure of normal fish population variability. In 6 of the 22 scenarios of fish species and river pools that were evaluated (6 species × 5 river pools, minus 8 species/river pool combinations that could not be evaluated due to insufficient fish data), the projected fish population change was greater than the expected variability of the existing fish population, indicating a possible adverse environmental impact. Given the number of other variables affecting fish populations and the conservative modeling approach, which assumed 100% mortality for all entrained fish and eggs, it was concluded that the likelihood of impact was by no means assured, even in these six cases. It was concluded that in most cases, current entrainment and impingement losses at six Ohio River power plants have little or no effect at the population level.

scholarly journals Maryland Power Plant Cooling-Water Intake Regulations and their Application in Evaluation of Adverse Environmental Impact

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Richard McLean ◽  
William A. Richkus ◽  
Stephen P. Schreiner ◽  
David Fluke
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Plant Cooling ◽  
Location Design ◽  
Design Construction

Maryland’s cooling-water intake and discharge regulations, the Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR) 26.08.03, stem from Sections 316(a) and (b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). COMAR 26.08.03.05 and litigative and administrative rulings stipulate that the location, design, construction, and capability of cooling-water intake structures must reflect the best technology available (BTA) for minimizing adverse environmental impacts (AEIs), providing that the costs of implementing the BTA are not wholly disproportionate to the expected environmental benefits. Maryland law exempts facilities that withdraw less than 10 million gallons/day (MGD) and less than 20% of stream or net flow by the intake. If not exempt, BTA must be installed if the cost of doing so is less than five times the value of fish impinged annually. Through site-specific studies and the use of a Spawning and Nursery Area of Consequence (SNAC) model applied to Representative Important Species, several power plants were evaluated to determine if they have had an adverse effect on spawning and nursery areas of consequence. Examples of application of the Maryland law to a number of power plants in the state are presented, together with the outcome of their evaluation.

scholarly journals A Holistic Look at Minimizing Adverse Environmental Impact Under Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Veil ◽  
Markus G. Puder ◽  
Debra J. Littleton ◽  
Nancy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
Dry Cooling Tower ◽  
Dry Cooling

Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that “the location, design, construction, and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact.” As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develops new regulations to implement Section 316(b), much of the debate has centered on adverse impingement and entrainment impacts of cooling-water intake structures. Depending on the specific location and intake layout, once-through cooling systems withdrawing many millions of gallons of water per day can, to a varying degree, harm fish and other aquatic organisms in the water bodies from which the cooling water is withdrawn. Therefore, opponents of once-through cooling systems have encouraged the EPA to require wet or dry cooling tower systems as the best technology available (BTA), without considering site-specific conditions.However, within the context of the broader scope of the CWA mandate, this focus seems too narrow. Therefore, this article examines the phrase “minimizing adverse environmental impact” in a holistic light. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the terms “environmental” and “minimizing.” Congress chose “environmental” in lieu of other more narrowly focused terms like “impingement and entrainment,” “water quality,” or “aquatic life.” In this light, BTA for cooling-water intake structures must minimize the entire suite of environmental impacts, as opposed to just those associated with impingement and entrainment. Wet and dry cooling tower systems work well to minimize entrainment and impingement, but they introduce other equally important impacts because they impose an energy penalty on the power output of the generating unit. The energy penalty results from a reduction in plant operating efficiency and an increase in internal power consumption. As a consequence of the energy penalty, power companies must generate additional electricity to achieve the same net output. This added production leads to additional environmental impacts associated with extraction and processing of the fuel, air emissions from burning the fuel, and additional evaporation of freshwater supplies during the cooling process. Wet towers also require the use of toxic biocides that are subsequently discharged or disposed. The other term under consideration, “minimizing,” does not equal “eliminating.” Technologies may be available to minimize but not totally eliminate adverse environmental impacts.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Model of Water Intake Canal at Steam and Gas Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 698 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Suntoyo ◽  
Taufiq Wibawa Muslim ◽  
Febrian Tegar Wicaksana ◽  
Shade Rahmawati ◽  
Silvianita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydraulic Model

scholarly journals Ion chromatographic analysis of aqueous iodine species by conductivity and radioactivity measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schumann ◽  
R. Grasser ◽  
R. Dressler ◽  
H. Bruchertseifer
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
New Device ◽  
Iodine Species ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

SummaryA new device was developed for the identification of several iodine species in aqueous solution using ion chromatography. Iodide, iodate and molecular iodine can be determined. (The equipment allows both conductivity and radioactivity detections.) The method is applicable for the determination of radioactive iodine contaminations in the cooling water of nuclear power plants.

scholarly journals Operating and economic conditions of cooling water control for marine steam turbine condensers

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Błaszczyk ◽  
Jerzy Głuch ◽  
Andrzej Gardzilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Water Pumps

Operating and economic conditions of cooling water control for marine steam turbine condensers The article presents the operational and economic analysis of controlling the cooling water flow in marine steam turbine power plants. The analysis bases on selected designs of the main condenser cooling water pumps and makes use of the results of investigations performed in inland power plants. Special attention was focused on marine aspects of the operation of those systems.

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