scholarly journals The National Fuel End-Use Efficiency Field Test: Energy Savings and Performance of an Improved Energy Conservation Measure Selection Technique

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Ternes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Selection Technique ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
End Use ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - A LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2841-2850
Author(s):  
Didunoluwa Obilanade ◽  
Christo Dordlofva ◽  
Peter Törlind
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
End Use ◽  
And Performance

AbstractOne often-cited benefit of using metal additive manufacturing (AM) is the possibility to design and produce complex geometries that suit the required function and performance of end-use parts. In this context, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one suitable AM process. Due to accessibility issues and cost-reduction potentials, such ‘complex’ LPBF parts should utilise net-shape manufacturing with minimal use of post-process machining. The inherent surface roughness of LPBF could, however, impede part performance, especially from a structural perspective and in particular regarding fatigue. Engineers must therefore understand the influence of surface roughness on part performance and how to consider it during design. This paper presents a systematic literature review of research related to LPBF surface roughness. In general, research focuses on the relationship between surface roughness and LPBF build parameters, material properties, or post-processing. Research on design support on how to consider surface roughness during design for AM is however scarce. Future research on such supports is therefore important given the effects of surface roughness highlighted in other research fields.

scholarly journals Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Transmitted PAR under High-Density and Super High-Density Olive Orchards

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Damiano Marchionni ◽  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Franco Famiani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Radiation Use

We quantified the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception in a high-density (HD) and a super high-density (SHD) or hedgerow olive system, by measuring the PAR transmitted under the canopy along transects at increasing distance from the tree rows. Transmitted PAR was measured every minute, then cumulated over the day and the season. The frequencies of the different PAR levels occurring during the day were calculated. SHD intercepted significantly but slightly less overall PAR than HD (0.57 ± 0.002 vs. 0.62 ± 0.03 of the PAR incident above the canopy) but had a much greater spatial variability of transmitted PAR (0.21 under the tree row, up to 0.59 in the alley center), compared to HD (range: 0.34–0.43). This corresponded to greater variability in the frequencies of daily PAR values, with the more shaded positions receiving greater frequencies of low PAR values. The much lower PAR level under the tree row in SHD, compared to any position in HD, implies greater self-shading in lower-canopy layers, despite similar overall interception. Therefore, knowing overall PAR interception does not allow an understanding of differences in PAR distribution on the ground and within the canopy and their possible effects on canopy radiation use efficiency (RUE) and performance, between different architectural systems.

Hypothermia and Energy Conservation: A Tradeoff for Elderly Persons?

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Macey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Accidental Hypothermia ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Measure Methods

For many elderly people, residential energy conservation options are often limited to little or no cost measures such as reducing their winter nighttime thermostat setting. As a result, conflicts can arise between the need to preserve health and the necessity to conserve energy. Under these circumstances, accidental hypothermia is an important and growing concern. This study examines the association between concern for health and the adoption by elderly persons of a lowered winter nighttime thermostat setting. Evidence from two surveys of elderly respondents who maintain separate owner-occupied residences shows that health and thermal comfort concerns are the major reasons for nonadoption of this energy conservation measure. Methods are presented for increasing energy conservation while maintaining a healthful home environment.

Electricity end-use efficiency

Energy Policy ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Eric Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Use Efficiency ◽  
End Use

scholarly journals CASE STUDY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRY BY APPLICATION OF LEAN TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Sujith Prasanna ◽  
Dr.J.Nagesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Lean Tools

Energy cost is significant in many of the manufacturing activities. The efficiency of energy use is quiet low as there are substantial visible and hidden losses. Visible losses can be easily identified and corrective action can be taken. However hidden and indirect losses form a sizeable portion of the losses. Identifying these losses is not easy and requires an integrated approach which includes thorough study of process, operations and their interactions with energy use. Industries across sectors have implemented lean management principles which target various wastes occurring in the plant. This paper discusses case studies which highlight the exploitation of lean tools as a means for unearthing hidden energy saving potential that often go unnoticed. In addition to the energy savings which results in improved profits and competitiveness, the approach also aids the industry to pursue a path of sustainable manufacturing.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF UMBRELLA AGREEMENTS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY GOALS: ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Dahlmann ◽  
Gareth Veal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
State Building ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Empire State Building ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations ◽  
Tacit Assumptions

In this paper we investigate whether innovative and flexible contractual arrangements can support the process of achieving ambitious sustainability goals. We explore this question through an analysis of the role of umbrella agreements in driving energy savings in the building sector. Drawing on a case study of the iconic Empire State building, we examine the typical challenges faced by clients and contractors in devising suitable agreements that facilitate managing contractual and performance risks, as well as the sharing of responsibilities and cooperation between multiple project stakeholders. We find that the project arrangements appear to exhibit the adoption of the key characteristics commonly found in umbrella agreements which incorporate sustainability measures that maximize income through efficient delivery of outcomes. Specifically, this means that they need to enable stakeholders to manage repeated review cycles, complex perceptions and expectations, and different tacit assumptions and codes of behaviour, as well as managing and communicating in networks and obtaining agreement also from non-contractual parties. Moreover, we demonstrate that umbrella agreements can facilitate a network perspective of business relationships by emphasizing value co-creation and the embeddedness of firms within a network of interactions.

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