scholarly journals Homogeneous catalytic hydrocracking process for conversion of coal to liquid fuels: basic and exploratory research. Quarterly report No. 2, February 1, 1976--April 30, 1976. [24 refs]

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Not Given Author
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

A new route to liquid fuels from coal

1981 ◽  
Vol 300 (1453) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
R And D

For many decades to come, the transformation of coal to high-grade liquid fuels and chemicals will be a continuing challenge. Chemically speaking, this conversion requires a gradual rearrangement of the carbon and hydrogen atoms and the addition of hydrogen, or the complete transformation of coal into building blocks containing a single carbon atom, and putting them together selectively with hydrogen to form the desired molecules. A catalyst discovered at Mobil will convert methanol, made from such building blocks, into high-octane gasoline. A simple process based on this catalyst produces the final link in a new route from coal to gasoline. A fluidized-bed version of this methanol-to-gasoline process will be tested in a 100 barrels ( ca . 16 m 3 ) per day pilot plant in Germany. A fixed-bed, commercial-size version has been selected by the New Zealand government for the conversion of methanol made from natural gas. This unit will produce 13 000 barrels ( ca . 2100 m 3 ) of gasoline per day. If the catalyst is modified, we can command it to construct basic chemical components such as light olefins, including ethylene, or BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes) as the major product. The emergence of these new conversion processes exemplifies industrial R. and D., which spans the technology spectrum from basic and exploratory research by a few scientists to process development and commercialization involving industries and governments.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Hydrocracking Process of Asbuton Hydrocarbon Based on the Aromatic, and Waxy Residue Based on Paraffinic, by using Pt/Pd and γ-Alumina Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Bardi Murachman ◽  
Deendarlianto Deendarlianto ◽  
Nissaraly H.F. ◽  
Wakhid Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

The studies on the hydrocracking process to obtain the fuel by cracking of the carbon chain from the hydrocarbon compound both in the form of gas and liquid fuels have been carried-out massively by researchers over three decade. In the present experimental study, heavy hydrocarbon represented by asphaltic base materials (named as Extracted Asbuton) and paraffinic (waxy residue from Cepu oil refinery) were used as the object of the study; by observing the differences of the reaction mechanisms and the results that can be obtained. Here the operational conditions such as pressure, temperature, and time as well as the kinds of catalyst were considered as the main parameters. The experiments were carried-out under the similar operating condition such as temperature around 350 – 500oC, pressure around 5 up to 15 atmospheres, and evaporation time was (1 – 3) hours. As a result, it was obtained (a) the higher the temperature, pressure, and heating time, the higher hydrocracking conversion both of hydrocarbons, (b) reaction mechanism of hydrocracking by using asphalt extract as the material follows the Model 3 of the present work, in which asphalt vapor was trapped in catalyst surface, meanwhile the waxy residue followed the Model 1, (c) under the same condition, the conversion of asphalt extract was smaller than waxy residue, and (d) the conversion of asphalt extract using Pt/Pd catalyst was higher than γ-Alumina catalyst.Keywords : Asbuton, Waxy Residue, Hydrocracking, Reaction Mechanisms.

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