scholarly journals Experimental Study on Hydrocracking Process of Asbuton Hydrocarbon Based on the Aromatic, and Waxy Residue Based on Paraffinic, by using Pt/Pd and γ-Alumina Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Bardi Murachman ◽  
Deendarlianto Deendarlianto ◽  
Nissaraly H.F. ◽  
Wakhid Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

The studies on the hydrocracking process to obtain the fuel by cracking of the carbon chain from the hydrocarbon compound both in the form of gas and liquid fuels have been carried-out massively by researchers over three decade. In the present experimental study, heavy hydrocarbon represented by asphaltic base materials (named as Extracted Asbuton) and paraffinic (waxy residue from Cepu oil refinery) were used as the object of the study; by observing the differences of the reaction mechanisms and the results that can be obtained. Here the operational conditions such as pressure, temperature, and time as well as the kinds of catalyst were considered as the main parameters. The experiments were carried-out under the similar operating condition such as temperature around 350 – 500oC, pressure around 5 up to 15 atmospheres, and evaporation time was (1 – 3) hours. As a result, it was obtained (a) the higher the temperature, pressure, and heating time, the higher hydrocracking conversion both of hydrocarbons, (b) reaction mechanism of hydrocracking by using asphalt extract as the material follows the Model 3 of the present work, in which asphalt vapor was trapped in catalyst surface, meanwhile the waxy residue followed the Model 1, (c) under the same condition, the conversion of asphalt extract was smaller than waxy residue, and (d) the conversion of asphalt extract using Pt/Pd catalyst was higher than γ-Alumina catalyst.Keywords : Asbuton, Waxy Residue, Hydrocracking, Reaction Mechanisms.

Characteristics of Gaseous Produced from Co-Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste and Corn Stalk

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 947-951
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Jia ◽  
Ming Yuan Lu ◽  
Yue Fu Yuan ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Feng Sheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Gaseous Products

An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and corn stalk was performed in a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The effect of different blending ratio on the pyrolysis product yields and compositions of the gaseous products was investigated. The results indicated that there exist synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and corn stalk. Under the different blending ratio conditions, the char and liquid yields were lower than the theoretical values calculated on pyrolysis of each individual municipal solid waste and corn stalk, and consequently the gas yields were higher. H2 and CH4 obtained co-pyrolysis at 800°C-900°C of 40% blending ratio conditions were higher than those of municipal solid waste and corn stalk alone.

Evaluation of alkalinity spatial distribution in an up-flow fixed bed anaerobic digester

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Hmissi ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Victor Alcaraz-Gonzalez ◽  
Hedi Shayeb
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Tequila Vinasses

Abstract In this paper, an experimental study upon alkalinity and hydrodynamic behavior in an anaerobic up-flow fixed bed reactor for the treatment of tequila vinasses is presented. Measurements of volatile fatty acids, pH, alkalinity and bicarbonate were obtained at three sampling points in the reactor in the axial axis. Then, the spatial distribution of alkalinity is studied and discussed. Moreover, for further control process purposes, a hydrodynamic model based on the use of two interconnected two-steps reduced AM2 type models is proposed and its parameters are identified using experimental data.

Experimental Study on Biomass Char Combustion in O2/CO2 Atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hong Lian ◽  
Zi Fang Wang ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Lian Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Char Combustion ◽  
Biomass Char

Experiments of biomass char combustion in 10%O2/90%CO2, 21%O2/79%CO2, 10%O2/90%N2 and 21%O2/79%N2 atmospheres were performed in the fixed-bed reactor system at the temperature of 800°C-1200°C. The results show that at the same temperature, NO emission is higher in O2/N2 atmosphere than that in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The higher the O2 concentration is, the higher the NO yield is. As the temperature rises, the NO yield rises at first and then decreases at the same O2 concentration and atmosphere.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS DAN SELEKTIVITAS KATALIS Ni/H5NZA TERHADAP HIDRORENGKAH METIL OLEAT MENJADI SENYAWA HIDROKARBON FRAKSI PENDEK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ratno Budiyanto ◽  
Donatus Setyawan ◽  
Novita Andarini
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Hydrocracking Process ◽  
Short Fraction

It has conducted on the activity and selectivity of Ni/H5NZA catalyst toward the hydrocracking of oleat methyl catalytic becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds with the variation of Ni concentration such as 1%, 2% and 3% (% w/w) for oleat methyl catalytic hydrocracking becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds (C5-C11 hydrocarbon). The catalyst is prepared by wet impregnation method, then followed by calcinations at 500oC, oxidation at 400oC and reduction at 500oC, each of them are followed by a stream of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with ± 5mL/second in stream velocity. The characterization of catalyst includes the determination of Si/Al ratio, Ni metal that were impregnated by using AAS instrument, and the acid determination by using gravimetric method. The hydrocracking process is done in flow-fixed bed reactor at 500oC; the catalyst are heated at first and followed by the reactants which are heated in pyrolysis reactor up to it change into vapor, then they are moved into the hydrocracking reactor. The liquid from hydrocracking process is collected and analyzed by using Gas of Chromatography (GC) and Gas of Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The characterization results showed in general that Si/Al ratio decreases after being impregnated by Ni metal. The amount of Ni metal almost reach a half of early Ni concentration which is impregnated. On the other hands, the acid amount of catalyst after being impregnated by Ni metal rise higher than those before being impregnated by Ni metal. The research showed that the activity and selectivity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst is better in hydrocracking hydrocarbon compounds which are shorter. The activity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst reaches 91.3041%. Meanwhile the selectivity is more selective in creating the hydrocarbon compounds with C5-C11 chain and more lead to the formation of alkane and alkene. Keywords: methyloleate, catalyst, Ni/H5NZ,hydrocracking

scholarly journals Effect of Preparation Method on ZrO2-Based Catalysts Performance for Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingquan Wu ◽  
Li Tan ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Hongjuan Xie ◽  
Guohui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared

Two types of amorphous ZrO2 (am-ZrO2) catalysts were prepared by different co-precipitation/reflux digestion methods (with ethylenediamine and ammonia as the precipitant respectively). Then, copper and potassium were introduced for modifying ZrO2 via an impregnation method to enhance the catalytic performance. The obtained catalysts were further characterized by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and In situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). CO hydrogenation experiments were performed in a fixed-bed reactor for isobutanol synthesis. Great differences were observed on the distribution of alcohols over the two types of ZrO2 catalysts, which were promoted with the same content of Cu and K. The selectivity of isobutanol on K-CuZrO2 (ammonia as precipitant, A-KCZ) was three times higher than that on K-CuZrO2 (ethylenediamine as precipitant, E-KCZ). The characterization results indicated that the A-KCZ catalyst supplied more active hydroxyls (isolated hydroxyls) for anchoring and dispersing Cu. More importantly, it was found that bicarbonate species were formed, which were ascribed as important C1 species for isobutanol formation on the A-KCZ catalyst surface. These C1 intermediates had relatively stronger adsorption strength than those adsorbed on the E-KCZ catalyst, indicating that the bicarbonate species on the A-KCZ catalyst had a longer residence time for further carbon chain growth. Therefore, the selectivity of isobutanol was greatly enhanced. These findings would extend the horizontal of direct alcohols synthesis from syngas.

An Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor with a Porous Ceramic Carrier

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Kawase ◽  
Tadashi Nomura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Majima
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Highly Loaded

To date, a large number of studies on anaerobic fixed bed reactors have been reported, but there have been few studies on the application of this technology to thermophilic anaerobic treatment. One of the reasons for the small number of applications is the difficulty of attaching thermophilic anaerobic organisms to carriers. The study reported in this paper was conducted to examine the thermophilic treatment performance of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor containing a porous ceramic carrier (‘microbe immobilized ceramic', MIC) developed for the immobilization of anaerobic organisms. When boiled soybean wastewater (55,000 mg/l COD) was treated anaerobically at a high temperature (54°C) in a reactor where 31% of the volume was filled with the MIC carrier, it was found that highly loaded operation with up to 65 kg COD/m3/d was possible. The COD load per unit area of carrier surface under these operational conditions reached 0.397 kg COD/m3/d, and the performance of the reactor was excellent. Stable anaerobic treatment was achieved when the COD loading rate fluctuated from 26 to 51 kg COD/m3/d.

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