scholarly journals Radionuclide content of an exhumed canyon vessel and neighboring soil. [Health hazards from long-time buried radiochemical process equipment]

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.P. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Radiochemical Process

scholarly journals The Assessment of the suitability of reconfigurable design through simulation and decision trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Ricardo Irving Ramirez Guzman ◽  
Mario Luis Chew Hernández ◽  
Mtro. Leopoldo Viveros Rosas ◽  
Ricardo Rodríguez Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Trees ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Reconfigurable Design ◽  
New Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mobile Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Productive Time

Positioning of the equipment of a manufacturing company is done foreseeing that it will remain fixed for a long time. This is because changes in the plant layout are thought to be costly, as they involve redesigning equipment support services, developing new foundations, using heavy machinery to move equipment, and causing non-productive time at the plant. However, the increased competition due to globalization, lead us to consider the alternative of making modifications to the layout more frequently to improve productivity. Changing the position of the equipment can be facilitated by specifying smaller mobile process equipment or by anticipating the availability of services at different points in the workshop and the existence of cranes or other means of transportation. These forecasts, logically, result in a greater investment in elements that, at least initially, do not generate any profit. This work shows the evaluation of the feasibility of modifying the positions of the equipment when there are variations in the probability distribution in production speeds. This evaluation is carried out using decision trees and process simulation. The case study addressed consists of a generic production line with serial workstations. Jobs arrive at the first computer and join their product on hold if space is available, otherwise the job is lost. In the same way, the product on hold of the other teams are limited in size, and when a product on hold is full, the team behind stops until there is space available. Due to the use, the speeds of the equipment are changing with respect to the ones they had when new: the process times are increasing and / or becoming more variable. To improve productivity under the new process speeds, the space between the equipment can be modified, however, during this change, production must be suspended. This work shows how, by simulating processes and decision trees, it is possible to determine the ranges of values ​​of the suspension time and the cost of transport for which it is convenient to make changes in the spacing of the equipment.

Biomass Biodegradable Food Boxes and Hot Temperature Field of Structural Optimization

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Jie Jia ◽  
Jiang Feng Li ◽  
Fang Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Die Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Lower Temperature

There is a great potential market for biodegradable materials products and process equipment, long time molding, lower heat transfer efficiency, uniform temperature distribution and other issues have been studied focused, combined with biomass biodegradable food boxes forming technology research. The die temperature distribution and the temperature difference between upper and lower template have been analyzed by simulation model in this paper. According to analyzing, the die structure has been changed, so as to meet the requirements of the upper and lower temperature.

scholarly journals Attitude, Perception, Life Style and Satisfaction of Organic and Inorganic Farmers: a qualitative inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1771-87
Author(s):  
Channaveer rachayya Mathapati ◽  
Bhagyashree Vadageri
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Agricultural practices are generally organic and inorganic practices. Organic agriculture is more about producing agricultural products without disturbing the ecosystem, biodiversity and the soil health; whereas, inorganic farming is completely opposite of organic farming.  Use of chemicals nutrients, hybridisation of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, is commonly used to get high yield. Since inorganic agriculture is practicing from long time and we are used to get more yield in less time, farmers are bit hesitant to change to organic farming. Behavioural, economic and social attributes of the farmers largely influence the future of organic farming. Objectives: The principal aim of the study is to assess the attitude, perception, lifestyle and satisfaction of organic and inorganic farmers. Methodology: A sample of 30 organic and inorganic farmers were selected from different districts of Karnataka state. Semi-structured tool was designed to collect data from the farmers through interview method.  Thematic and free-listing techniques were used to analyse and present the data. Results: Organic farmers tend to be resilient and motivated as compared to the inorganic farmers.  There were issues as perceived by the inorganic farmers that the organic farming was not an easy way to reap economic benefits and high yield for which conventional farming has been in practice.  However, the shared views were that the agriculture has to receive the due place and dignity as compared to other market occupations which are more profitable.  Conclusion: The study observes that organic farming needs sustainable systems to support, promote, advocate and practice it.  Behavioural domains and economic domains are equally important to influence the lifestyle and satisfaction of the farmers. Key Words: Agriculture, Organic, Inorganic, Satisfaction, Life Style, Attitude, Perception ____________________________________________________________________________ *Professor & Head, Department of Social Work, Dean, School of Media Studies, Central University of     Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India, Email Id: [email protected]   ** Doctoral Scholar, Department of Social Work, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences,      Central   University of              Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.  Email Id: [email protected]

scholarly journals Association of Skin Microbiome with the Onset and Recurrence of Pressure Injury in Bedridden Elderly People

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Shigefumi Okamoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Ogai ◽  
Kanae Mukai ◽  
Junko Sugama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Long Time

Pressure injuries have been identified as one of the main health hazards among bedridden elderly people. Bedridden elderly people often stay in the same position for a long time, because they cannot switch positions; thus, the blood flow in the part of the body that is being compressed between the bed and their own weight is continuously blocked. As a result, redness and ulcers occur due to lacking oxygen and nutrients in the skin tissues, and these sites are often infected with microorganisms and, thus, become suppurative wounds, a condition commonly determined as pressure injuries. If left untreated, the pressure injury will recur with microbial infections, often resulting in cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. The skin microbiome, in which many types of bacteria coexist, is formed on the skin surface. However, it remains unclear what characteristic of the skin microbiome among the bedridden elderly constitutes the development and severity of pressure injuries and the development of post-pressure injury infections. Thus, in this review article, we outlined the changes in the skin microbiome among the bedridden elderly people and their potential involvement in the onset and recurrence of pressure injuries.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

200kv superconducting cryo electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystal Fields ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the electron microscope has been significantly improved in resolution and we can obtain routinely atomic-level high resolution images without any special skill. With this improvement, the structure analysis of organic materials has become one of the interesting targets in the biological and polymer crystal fields.Up to now, X-ray structure analysis has been mainly used for such materials. With this method, however, great effort and a long time are required for specimen preparation because of the need for larger crystals. This method can analyze average crystal structure but is insufficient for interpreting it on the atomic or molecular level. The electron microscopic method for organic materials has not only the advantage of specimen preparation but also the capability of providing various information from extremely small specimen regions, using strong interactions between electrons and the substance. On the other hand, however, this strong interaction has a big disadvantage in high radiation damage.

A Stationary Solution of High-Energy Electron Reflection (HEER) for An Arbitrary Surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
YIQUN MA
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Solution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Electron Reflection ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the development of dynamical theory for HEER has been stagnated for several reasons. Although the Bloch wave method is powerful for the understanding of physical insights of electron diffraction, particularly electron transmission diffraction, it is not readily available for the simulation of various surface imperfection in electron reflection diffraction since it is basically a method for bulk materials and perfect surface. When the multislice method due to Cowley & Moodie is used for electron reflection, the “edge effects” stand firmly in the way of reaching a stationary solution for HEER. The multislice method due to Maksym & Beeby is valid only for an 2-D periodic surface.Now, a method for solving stationary solution of HEER for an arbitrary surface is available, which is called the Edge Patching method in Multislice-Only mode (the EPMO method). The analytical basis for this method can be attributed to two important characters of HEER: 1) 2-D dependence of the wave fields and 2) the Picard iteractionlike character of multislice calculation due to Cowley and Moodie in the Bragg case.

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

Microstructural characterization of plasma-processed Ti-Al metal matrix composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
M. G. Burke ◽  
M. N. Gungor ◽  
M. A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Intermetallic matrix composites are candidates for ultrahigh temperature service when light weight and high temperature strength and stiffness are required. Recent efforts to produce intermetallic matrix composites have focused on the titanium aluminide (TiAl) system with various ceramic reinforcements. In order to optimize the composition and processing of these composites it is necessary to evaluate the range of structures that can be produced in these materials and to identify the characteristics of the optimum structures. Normally, TiAl materials are difficult to process and, thus, examination of a suitable range of structures would not be feasible. However, plasma processing offers a novel method for producing composites from difficult to process component materials. By melting one or more of the component materials in a plasma and controlling deposition onto a cooled substrate, a range of structures can be produced and the method is highly suited to examining experimental composite systems. Moreover, because plasma processing involves rapid melting and very rapid cooling can be induced in the deposited composite, it is expected that processing method can avoid some of the problems, such as interfacial degradation, that are associated with the relatively long time, high temperature exposures that are induced by conventional processing methods.

Gum arabic helps prepare better lacey polymer films for specimen support in electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
Shailesh R. Sheth ◽  
Jayesh R. Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

Specimen support and astigmatism correction in Electron Microscopy are at least two areas in which lacey polymer films find extensive applications. Although their preparation has been studied for a very long time, present techniques still suffer from incomplete release of the film from its substrate and presence of a large number of pseudo holes in the film. Our method ensures complete removal of the entire lacey film from the substrate and fewer pseudo holes by pre-treating the substrate with Gum Arabic, which acts as a film release agent.The method is based on the classical condensation technique for preparing lacey films which is essentially deposition of minute water or ice droplets on the substrate and laying the polymer film over it, so that micro holes are formed corresponding to the droplets. A microscope glass slide (the substrate) is immersed in 2.0% (w/v) aq. CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)-0.22% (w/v) aq.

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