scholarly journals Earthquake risk reduction in the United States: An assessment of selected user needs and recommendations for the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

10.2172/69010 ◽  
1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Reduction Program

The Efficacy of Network-Based HIV/AIDS Risk Reduction Programs in Midsized Towns in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Trotter ◽  
Anne M. Bowen ◽  
Julie A. Baldwin ◽  
Laurie J. Price
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Reduction Program

Combining current psychosocial theories with social network outreach and prevention paradigms is an effective mechanism for reducing both drug-related and sexual risks for HIV transmission in active drug users in midsized towns in the United States. Five hundred and seventy-nine individuals were recruited in two towns, one of 50,000 and one of 10,000 population. Three approaches to intervention were tested. These approaches included: (1) an intensive outreach program using indigenous outreach workers providing reinforcement of an HIV risk reduction program, and (2) a low intensity outreach program combined with a more intensive office-based HIV risk reduction program. Both conditions were compared with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recommended standard intervention. Each of the enhanced interventions produced a reduction in HIV-related risk taking reported by the participants. The intensive outreach combined with office intervention and the intensive office intervention without outreach reinforcement each produced significant reductions in sexual risk taking in active drug users, beyond the reductions reported for the NIDA standard program. The enhanced risk reduction programs produced differential impacts for males and females, respectively, between the two high and low intensity outreach models.

scholarly journals Earthquake Shaking Hazard Estimates and Exposure Changes in the Conterminous United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S201-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor S. Jaiswal ◽  
Mark D. Petersen ◽  
Ken Rukstales ◽  
William S. Leith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
The U.S

A large portion of the population of the United States lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. This investigation aims to quantify population and infrastructure exposure in places within the conterminous United States that are subjected to varying levels of earthquake ground motions by systematically analyzing the last four cycles of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Models (published in 1996, 2002, 2008 and 2014). Using the 2013 LandScan data, we estimate the number of people who are exposed to potentially damaging ground motions (peak ground accelerations at or above 0.1 g). At least 28 million (~9% of the total population) may experience 0.1 g level of shaking at relatively frequent intervals [annual rate of 1 in 72 years or 50% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years], 57 million (~18% of the total population) may experience this level of shaking at moderately frequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 475 years or 10% PE in 50 years), and 143 million (~46% of the total population) may experience such shaking at relatively infrequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 2,475 years or 2% PE in 50 years). We also show that there are a significant number of critical infrastructure facilities located in high-earthquake-hazard areas (modified Mercalli intensity ≥ VII with moderately frequent recurrence interval).

Landslide Risk Reduction in the United States-Signs of Progress

2015 ◽  
pp. 1078-7275.EEG-1756
Author(s):  
Jerome V. DeGraff ◽  
William Burns ◽  
Vicki McConnell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Landslide Risk Reduction
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