Disaster risk reduction, community resilience, and policy effectiveness: the case of the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program in the United States

Disasters ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Ji ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
Grant Program

Water-related disaster risk reduction (DRR) management in the United States: floods and storm surges

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
pp. 58-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Delli Priscoli ◽  
Eugene Stakhiv
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
The Us

Water resources planning and management has evolved in the United States through several distinct stages over the past two centuries, transitioning from a concern for inland waterways transportation to single purpose flood control and finally to multiple purpose large reservoirs. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) was always considered to be one of the main goals of these strategies. Reviewing history, this paper describes a US federal system that presents major challenges to coordinating water resources development and DRR, at both the watershed and metropolitan area scales. The paper reviews the performance of existing flood protection systems of three recent disasters. Federal, state and local responses to these major events have been mixed, as regulatory and management agencies with different evaluation frameworks and decision rules attempt to coordinate their respective responses. The cases revealed new vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the US DRR responses and planning, while contrasting the relative successes of long-term, strategic DRR planning and investments in the case of the Mississippi River and Tributaries (MR&T) system. The paper analyzes this history and recent cases primarily from the perspective of the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-675
Author(s):  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Ryohei Misumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Special Issue

We are very pleased to publish the Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2020. There are nine papers in this issue. The first two papers concern hazard and risk information systems: Sano et al. constructed a real-time risk information map for flood and landslide disasters, and Hirashima et al. created an alert system for snow removal from rooftops. These systems are already in use on the NIED website. The next three papers are case studies of recent storm disasters in Japan and the United States: Cui et al. analyzed the time variation in the distribution of damage reports in the headquarters for heavy-rainfall disaster control in Fukuoka, Shakti et al. studied flood disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis (2019), and Iizuka and Sakai conducted a meteorological analysis of Hurricane Harvey (2017). Regarding volcanic disasters, Tanada and Nakamura reported the results of an electromagnetic survey of Mt. Nasudake. This special issue also includes three papers on large-scale model experimentation: Danjo and Ishizawa studied the rainfall infiltration process using NIED’s Large-Scale Rainfall Simulator, Kawamata and Nakazawa conducted experiments concerning liquefaction, and Nakazawa et al. reported the results of experiments on seismic retrofits for road embankments. The experiments used E-Defense, the world’s largest three-dimensional shaking table. We hope this issue will provide useful information for all readers studying natural disasters.

scholarly journals Toward a community resilience framework for disaster risk management. a case study: landslide Cisolok in Sukabumi 2018 and Sunda strait tsunami in Pandeglang 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Osmar Shalih ◽  
Hafid Setiadi ◽  
Triarko Nurlambang ◽  
Widyawati Sumadio
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Resilience

Along with the increase in large and medium-scale disasters in the world, including in Indonesia, in the last decade, many theories and practices have developed in terms of measuring and improving disaster resilience. This study discusses the conceptual model of community-level disaster resilience and disaster risk reduction. Using a basic conceptual model for spatial protection to geological hazard, research examines the role of community resilience in reducing risk by using social dimensions. To explore the conceptual model of spatial resilience at the community scale, case studies conducted in two disaster events, are (1) communities affected by landslides in Cisolok, Sukabumi District on 31 December, 2018 and (2) Sunda Strait tsunami in Pandeglang tourism area on 22 December, 2018. Research suggests that the importance of social capital in terms of forming community resilience is related to disaster risk reduction. Social network, social experience, social knowledge and belief systems, contribute to increasing resilience and disaster risk reduction. The results of this study are the importance of building social capital and spatial resilience of communities in reducing disaster risk.

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