scholarly journals Electrochemical Recovery of Sodium Hydroxide from Alkaline Salt Solution

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Hobbs ◽  
T.B. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt

scholarly journals Treating kraft mill extract using bipolar membrane electrodialysis for the production of acetic acid

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVIKAT PATIL ◽  
JOSEPH GENCO ◽  
HEMANT PENDSE ◽  
ADRIAAN VAN HEININGEN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Sodium Acetate Solution ◽  
Bipolar Membrane ◽  
Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

The objective of this work was to determine the process conditions for converting sodium acetate, the major component of alkaline hardwood extract, into acetic acid and sodium hydroxide using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED). The effects of current density and sodium acetate concentration in the feed-salt solution were evaluated using synthetic sodium acetate solution in a feed and bleed mode. This mode of operation represents semibatch processing and was useful for determining the current efficiencies, energy consumption, and other system parameters for the production of about 160 g/L of acetic acid; maximum achievable concentration of acetic acid in electrodialysis; and 30 g/L of sodium hydroxide, which is the concentration sufficient for the extraction of sodium acetate from hardwood. The feed and bleed mode experiments performed at 60 mA/cm2 using 130 and 85 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solutions produced similar results, except for a small change in the amount of water transported into the acid and base compartments. The feed and bleed mode experiment performed at low current density of 40 mA/cm2 using 50 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solution produced almost similar quantities of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as those in the other feed and bleed mode experiments. However, the energy consumption and current efficiencies were lower than those for the experiments performed at the current density of 60 mA/cm2.

The conformation of amylose in alkaline salt solution

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Banks ◽  
C.T. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF ASR DETERIORATION CAUSED BY ALKALINE SALT SOLUTION AT HIGH CONCENTRATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki YAMATO ◽  
Taicheng LIU ◽  
Tomomi OMURA ◽  
Kazuyuki TORII
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Salt

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE CONTRASTS OF THE ELECTRON HSQ RESIST AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Tatarintsev ◽  
Anton Shishlyannikov ◽  
Konstantin Rudenko ◽  
Alexander Rogozhin ◽  
Alexey Yeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Tmah Solution

In this work a study of the dependence of the contrast value of a negative electron resist based on hydrogensilsesquioxane was carried out in the process of development in an aqueous alkaline-salt solution of NaOH-NaCl at different temperatures, and a similar study was carried out for a widespread method of development in a 25% TMAH solution.

Detergency of Alkaline Salt Solution

1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foster Dee Snell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

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