scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF ASR DETERIORATION CAUSED BY ALKALINE SALT SOLUTION AT HIGH CONCENTRATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki YAMATO ◽  
Taicheng LIU ◽  
Tomomi OMURA ◽  
Kazuyuki TORII
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Salt

Abstract P327: Inter-individual Difference in Sensitivity of Aversive Salt Taste

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Isomura ◽  
Toru Nabika
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Aversive Taste ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Salt is an indispensable nutrient, but excessive amount of salt intake becomes harmful. In order to prevent excessive intake of salt, there is a mechanism to feel high concentration salt as an aversive taste. In recent years, it has clarified that high concentration salt stimulates different taste buds from those sensed by low concentration of salt. In this study, we analyzed relationship between inter-individual difference in sensitivity of aversive salt taste and amounts of daily salt intake. After obtained written informed consent, 1,254 individuals who came annual health checkups were recruited for this study. To test aversive salt taste, five different saline solutions (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) were prepared. They started drinking of salt solution from low to high concentration of solutions. In each trial of drinking the salt solution, they were asked whether they were capable of drinking it. When they felt to avoid drinking the salt solution, salt concentration of the solution was recorded as sensitivity of aversive salt taste. Amount of daily salt intake was estimated by using spot urine and by dietary questionnaire. As a result, 784(63%) and 267(21 %) of individuals felt up to the 1.5% and 2% of salt solution as aversive salt taste, respectively. Hence, their sensitivities of aversive salt taste were 1.5% or 2% of salt solutions, respectively. However, resting 203(16%) of individuals showed capability to drink 2% of salt solution. Although we compared sensitivities of aversive salt taste of each individual and daily salt intake that estimated by urine, there were no difference between them. However, daily salt intake that estimated by dietary questionnaire showed clear relationship, in which individuals with the high sensitivities of aversive salt taste consumed the more amount of salt.

Study on Corrosion Resistant Performance of Sulfoaluminate Cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 362-366
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Jian Meng Li ◽  
Huang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
High Durability

In the salt lake areas in China, the ordinary cement concrete can be corroded by the salt in the saline soil seriously, and the application of ordinary portland cement concrete in this area is impeded. Therfore, some new cementitious materials which has high durability should be searched in order to be used in the underground engineering in saline soil areas. In this study, the sulfoaluminate cement is immersed into the salt solution that has high concentration Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and the complex solution of them. The corrosion resistance performance of sulfoaluminate cement against high concentration salt solution is tested. The results indicate that Sulfoaluminate cement has perfect durability against sulfate corrosion whose concentration is in the scope of this test. Sulfoaluminate cement can not be corroded by MgCl2 solution when MgCl2 solution concentration is lower than degree 3; but when the concentration of MgCl2 solution reaches degree 4, MgCl2 solution could corrode the sulfoaluminate cement seriously. The corrosion of the specimens immersed in MgCl2 solution whose concentration is degree 4 is caused by the composite action of Mg2+ and Cl-.

The conformation of amylose in alkaline salt solution

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Banks ◽  
C.T. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt

scholarly journals CATAPHORETIC CHARGES OF COLLODION PARTICLES AND ANOMALOUS OSMOSIS THROUGH COLLODION MEMBRANES FREE FROM PROTEIN

1922 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Diffusion Potential ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Diffusion Potentials ◽  
As If

1. It had been shown in previous papers that when a salt solution is separated from pure water by a collodion membrane, water diffuses through the membrane as if it were positively charged and as if it were attracted by the anion of the salt in solution and repelled by the cation with a force increasing with the valency. In this paper, measurements of the P.D. across the membrane (E) are given, showing that when an electrical effect is added to the purely osmotic effect of the salt solution in the transport of water from the side of pure water to the solution, the latter possesses a considerable negative charge which increases with increasing valency of the anion of the salt and diminishes with increasing valency of the cation. It is also shown that a similar valency effect exists in the diffusion potentials between salt solutions and pure water without the interposition of a membrane. 2. This makes it probable that the driving force for the electrical transport of water from the side of pure water into solution is primarily a diffusion potential. 3. It is shown that the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution affects the transport curves and the diffusion potentials in a similar way. 4. It is shown, however, that the diffusion potential without interposition of the membrane differs in a definite sense from the P.D. across the membrane and that therefore the P.D. across the membrane (E) is a modified diffusion potential. 5. Measurements of the P.D. between collodion particles and aqueous solutions (ϵ) were made by the method of cataphoresis, which prove that water in contact with collodion particles free from protein practically always assumes a positive charge (except in the presence of salts with trivalent and probably tetravalent cations of a sufficiently high concentration). 6. It is shown that an electrical transport of water from the side of water into the solution is always superposed upon the osmotic transport when the sign of charge of the solution in the potential across the membrane (E) is opposite to that of the water in the P.D. between collodion particle and water (ϵ); supporting the theoretical deductions made by Bartell. 7. It is shown that the product of the P.D. across the membrane (E) into the cataphoretic P.D. between collodion particles and aqueous solution (ϵ) accounts in general semiquantitatively for that part of the transport of water into the solution which is due to the electrical forces responsible for anomalous osmosis.

Molecular dynamics simulations of A-DNA in bivalent metal ions salt solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Xue ◽  
Xinpeng Li ◽  
Rongri Tan ◽  
Wenjun Zong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Dna Structure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bivalent Metal ◽  
Bivalent Metal Ions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract A-DNA is one of the biologically active double helical structure. The study of A-DNA structure has an extensive application for developing the field of DNA packaging in biotechnology. In aqueous solution, the A-DNA structure will have a free transformation, the A-DNA structure will be translated into B-form structure with the evolution of time, and eventually stabilized in the the B-DNA structure. To explore the stability function of the bivalent metal ions on the A-DNA structure, a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the A-DNA of sequence (CCCGGCCGGG). The results show that bivalent metal ions (Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+) generate a great effect on the structural stability of A-DNA in the environment of high concentration. As the interaction between metal ions and electronegative DNA chains, the stability of A-DNA in solution is gradually improved with the increasing of the solution concentration of ions. In metal salt solution with high concentration, metal ions can be easily distributed in the solvation shells around the phosphate groups and further lead to the formation of shorter and more compact DNA structure. Also, in the condition of the same concentration and valency of the metal ions, the stability of A-DNA structure is different. The calculations indicate that the structure of A-DNA in CaCl2 solution is less stable than in MgCl2 and ZnCl2 solution.

Comparative Study of Additives Effectiveness on Portable Water Mist System

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2501-2505
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Sun ◽  
Jun Cheng Jiang ◽  
Lin Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Additive Solution ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Extinguishing performance of portable water mist system was studied in this paper, considering the effects of additive addition and its type. The experimental results were statistically processed and numerically analysed by mathematical software. The results demonstrated that water mist with additive solution can extinguish pool fire efficiently due to physical and chemical mechanisms. The salt solution produces better fire control result than surfactant solution at low concentration, whereas the surfactant solution brings the better one at high concentration. Furthermore, the salt solution and surfactant solution have similar fire expansion behaviours to pure water in fire suppression with portable water mist system. The study, based on the application of the portable water mist system with additives, revealed that the system performed well on fire suppression and could be useful on movable fire control.

Capture of Charged Polymer in Salt Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 1296-1301
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Wei ◽  
Jing Jie Sha ◽  
Yun Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Charged Polymer ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Increasing Temperature

To understand the capture of charged polymer in salt solution, we investigated the effect of the temperature, concentration of DNA molecules and electrical field to the polynucleotide capture rate by using a single graphene nanopore. From the result of the molecular dynamics simulations, it suggested that the capture rate becomes higher with increasing temperature and that it increases exponentially with the electrical field, and that low and high concentration of the polymer do not exhibit optimal capture rate. By analyzing the simulations results we predict that the capture rate is related to the aperture and the structure of the pore.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE CONTRASTS OF THE ELECTRON HSQ RESIST AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Tatarintsev ◽  
Anton Shishlyannikov ◽  
Konstantin Rudenko ◽  
Alexander Rogozhin ◽  
Alexey Yeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Tmah Solution

In this work a study of the dependence of the contrast value of a negative electron resist based on hydrogensilsesquioxane was carried out in the process of development in an aqueous alkaline-salt solution of NaOH-NaCl at different temperatures, and a similar study was carried out for a widespread method of development in a 25% TMAH solution.

Detergency of Alkaline Salt Solution

1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foster Dee Snell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Alkaline Salt
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