Elements of the first 90 years of the North Atlantic organization the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) have been examined to illustrate its functions and some of its achievements. The 17-nation Council, founded in 1902 to deal with overfishing in northern European marine areas, now represents countries on both sides of the Atlantic. Its mandate is to promote marine science and provide advice on the rational use of marine living resources. To accomplish this it stimulates and coordinates cooperative research programmes in the biology of marine, anadromous, and catadromous species, mariculture, fisheries assessment, pollution, and physical and chemical oceanography.
West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine-disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume II. Physical and chemical oceanography. Final report