scholarly journals Development of wood as an alternative fuel for large power-generating systems. Part V. Soot formation in suspension burners. Final report

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blackshear, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Soot Formation ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Large Power

Design, Analysis, and Tests of Differential Planetary Gear System for Open Rotor Power Gearbox (Final Report)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Sato ◽  
Tatsuhiko Goi ◽  
Toshiaki Taguchi ◽  
Tooru Nishida ◽  
Hidenori Arisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Open Rotor ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Planetary Gear System

The requirements for general aero-engines are becoming increasingly severe to achieve higher efficiency and lower emission. The Open Rotor Engine is one of the next-generation aero-engine concepts expected to satisfy these requirements. The Open Rotor Engine has a set of counter-rotating unducted fans to increase the propulsion efficiency. A 20,000 hp class differential planetary gear system is suitable for driving these counter-rotating fans. To realize a 20,000 hp class differential planetary gear system, there are some design challenges to be accomplished 1) large power (20,000 hp class), 2) sufficiently small and light to fit an engine (envelope), 3) high transmission efficiency over 99.5%, 4) precise misalignment control for gears and bearings, 5) high reliability (50,000 hour MTBF). At Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., development of the Open Rotor Power Gearbox started in 2007. The purpose of this development is to establish a design practice for the 20,000 hp class gear system and to demonstrate that its readiness level (TRL) is appropriate for whole-engine development. In this development, various state-of-the-art simulation technologies such as lube oil flow CFD, FEA, and tooth contact analysis were fully utilized to optimize the design. Details of the design, fabrication, and validation tests of a full-scale prototype up to 2012 were presented at the IDTC/CIE in 2013. This paper presents a summary of the previous activity and subsequent works and achievements as a final report.

scholarly journals Soot formation, transport, and radiation in unsteady diffusion flames : LDRD final report.

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Marie Suo-Anttila ◽  
Timothy C. Williams ◽  
Christopher R. Shaddix ◽  
Kirk A. Jensen ◽  
Linda Gail Blevins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flames ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Final Report

Effects of Fuel Species on Soot Formation in Laminar Counterflow: Comparison Between Diesel Fuel and Palm Methyl Ester as an Alternative Fuel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hayashi ◽  
Fumiteru Akamatsu ◽  
Nozomu Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Spray Flame ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Spray combustion of liquid fuel is utilized in many combustion systems. There are, however, still remained-problems. One of the most important problems is to clarify the combustion characteristics, especially soot formation process. At the same time, the liquid fuel of biomass is getting a lot of attention as an alternative fuel in recent years from the viewpoint of the environmental issues and the exhaustion of fossil fuels. In this study, we focused on the palm methyl ester (PME), which has a large production capacity and oxygen content in its molecular structure. The aim of this study is to clarify the combustion characteristics and soot formation characteristics of PME spray flame for the effective utilization to the conventional combustion systems as the alternative fuel. In order to clarify the soot formation characteristics of PME spray flame, measurements of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and droplet size distribution by using phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) and measurement of two dimensional soot formation characteristics by using Laser Induced Incandescence technique (LII) are conducted in laminar counterflow field. In addition, since the PME has a normal chain structure and oxygen content in its molecular structure, it needs to clarify effect of the oxygen content and normal chain structure. The comparison with diesel fuel and n-dodecane are also conducted. Results of LII measurements show that the PME and the n-dodecane spray have similar spray flame structures, time-averaged soot volume fraction and instantaneous structure of soot formation while PME has the oxygen content in the molecular structure. On the other hand, the time-averaged soot volume fraction and soot formation area of PME are smaller than those of diesel fuel. It is because the diesel fuel has some components with the aromatic ring. These results indicate that it is not the oxygen content but the normal chain structure in the PME play an essential role in influencing soot formation characteristics.

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