scholarly journals Transport of solid commodities via freight pipeline: cost estimating methodology. Volume III, parts A and B. First year final report

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Warner ◽  
E.K. Morlok ◽  
K.K. Gimm ◽  
I. Zandi
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cost Estimating

scholarly journals Randomised Badger Culling Trial: Impact based on more extensive data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hendy
Keyword(s):  
Health Agency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Badger Culling ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In 2007 the Independent Scientific Group (ISG) reported to the UK government the impact on bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle of a trial where badgers were culled between 1998 and 2005. This trial, known as the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT), was performed across 100 km2 (nominal) zones in the West of England. The results were based on a model of new herd incidence data. It was concluded that reactive culling generated overall detrimental effects, while proactive culling achieved very modest overall benefits at the cost of elevated incidence in surrounding areas. This work looks at more extensive RBCT data to examine if these findings hold true. Instead of presenting the results of a model, this work directly illustrates the data. The Animal and Plant Health Agency supplied this data in March 2016. Such data covers a greater number of years (1986 to 2012) and includes the prevalence of herd restrictions as well as herd incidence. Whilst the proactive culls substantially and sustainably reduced cattle TB in treated areas, such culls did not significantly increase TB in the surrounding areas. In fact New Herd Incidents (NHI’s) between 2006 and 2012 dropped by 28%, 1% and 18% in the treated, outer 2km ring, and combined areas respectively. Based on the number of NHI’s prevented since 1998, a break-even cost to complete a badger removal exercise was calculated to be £8,454 per km2. This figure may be under-estimated because it takes no account of any NHI’s prevented after 2012. The more limited reactive culls were found to have no significant impact. This applied to both the treated area and outer 2km ring. The data also showed that the culls only reduced confirmed TB with no significant impact on unconfirmed TB. This was also found by the ISG when they reported results in 2007. Conclusions in the RBCT final report were made based on incomplete data so are poorly grounded. In addition to this, many mass media outlets are already adversely reporting the impact for culls which started in South West England in 2013. In the RBCT, after the first year of substantial culling, 9 years of data were needed to clearly see the full extent by which TB dropped when the data was not time-shifted. It is likely that the impact of the 2013 culls will not become clear until sometime between 2020 and 2025.

scholarly journals Understanding and Correlating of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I and Process Heat Transfer through Integrated Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Shafirah Samsuri ◽  
Shuhaimi Mahadzir ◽  
Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
First Year ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Integrated Project ◽  
Process Heat

The development of engineering education plays a significant role in creating a competency base for engineering students to be excellent in engineering practice as well as other professional skills such as communication, teamwork and leadership. Project-Based Learning via Integrated Project entitled Heat Recovery from Ammonia Synthesis Reactor for Power Generation was introduced as a new learning approach for First Year First Semester Chemical Engineering student to replace the conventional learning approach via lecture. This integrated project is a hybrid of two core Chemical Engineering subjects for First Year students: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I and Process Heat Transfer. This integrated project aims to evaluate students' ability to relate two different subjects when learning in the same semester and apply them to the same application. This integrated project is expected to enhance students' learning curve and ensure that the output of this study can be achieved in a consistent effort and timely manner. Assessments in the form of formative (reflection and peer review) and summative (final report) are applied to the students via individual and group. Based on the reflection's analysis, 50% of the students mentioned that the project is very challenging; meanwhile, only 30% agreed that they could relate the project with both subjects even though it is complex and challenging. Despite that, 70% of the students stated that their learning goal is achievable. They were able to view the industrial application, especially the heat exchanger application, through this project. Overall, 90% agreed that they achieved this integrated project's objectives: to relate two different subjects when learning in the same semester and apply them to the same application. Hence, it is noteworthy to highlight that this integrated project is carefully mapped. The new learning approach via Project-Based Learning brought positive outcome towards the students' learning experiences, skills and understanding.

scholarly journals An interesting year

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
W. P. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
American Concrete Institute ◽  
First Year ◽  
Final Report

The retiring President of the American Concrete Institute entitled his final report to his members "An Interesting Year". With apologies to Mr. Burnett, I borrow his title; for it is a most appropriate one for an account of the Society’s first year.

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