scholarly journals CORRELATION OF LIQUID FRACTION IN TWO-PHASE FLOW WITH APPLICATION TO LIQUID METALS

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Baroczy
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Suitability of Eutectic Field’s Metal for Use in an Electromagnetohydrodynamically-Enhanced Experimental Two-Phase Flow Loop

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lipchitz ◽  
Lilian Laurent ◽  
G. D. Harvel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Two Phase

Several Generation IV nuclear reactors, such as sodium fast reactors and lead-bismuth fast reactors, use liquid metal as a coolant. In order to better understand and improve the thermal hydraulics of liquid metal cooled GEN IV nuclear reactors liquid metal flow needs to be studied in experimental circulation loops. Experimental circulation loops are often located in a laboratory setting. However, studying liquid metal two phase flow in laboratory settings can be difficult due to the high temperatures and safety hazards involved with traditional liquid metals such as sodium and lead-bismuth. One solution is to use a low melt metal alloy that is as benign as reasonably achievable. Field’s metal is a eutectic alloy of 51% Indium, 32.5% Bismuth and 16.5% Tin by weight and has a melting point of 335K making it ideal for use in a laboratory setting. A study is undertaken to determine its suitability to use in a two-phase experimental flow loop enhanced by magnetohydrodynamic forces. The study investigated its reactivity with air and water, its ability to be influenced by magnetic fields, its ability to flow, and its ease of manufacture. The experiments melted reference samples of Field’s metal and observed its behaviour in a glass beaker, submerged in water and an inclined stainless steel pipe. Then Field’s metal was manufactured in the laboratory and compared to the sample using the same set of experiments and standards. To determine Field’s metal degree of magnetism permanent neodymium magnets were used. Their strength was determined using a Gaussmeter. All experiments were recorded using a COHU digital camera. Image analysis was then performed on the video to determine any movements initiated by the magnetic field forces. In conclusion, Field’s metal is more than suitable for use in experimental settings as it is non-reactive, non-toxic, simple to manufacture, easy to use, and responds to a magnetic force.

scholarly journals A Novel Dehumidification Strategy to Reduce Liquid Fraction and Condensation Loss in Steam Turbines

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Haoping Peng ◽  
Chuang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nonequilibrium Condensation

Massive droplets can be generated to form two-phase flow in steam turbines, leading to erosion issues to the blades and reduces the reliability of the components. A condensing two-phase flow model was developed to assess the flow structure and loss considering the nonequilibrium condensation phenomenon due to the high expansion behaviour in the transonic flow in linear blade cascades. A novel dehumidification strategy was proposed by introducing turbulent disturbances on the suction side. The results show that the Wilson point of the nonequilibrium condensation process was delayed by increasing the inlet superheated level at the entrance of the blade cascade. With an increase in the inlet superheated level of 25 K, the liquid fraction and condensation loss significantly reduced by 79% and 73%, respectively. The newly designed turbine blades not only remarkably kept the liquid phase region away from the blade walls but also significantly reduced 28.1% averaged liquid fraction and 47.5% condensation loss compared to the original geometry. The results provide an insight to understand the formation and evaporation of the condensed droplets inside steam turbines.

FLUTE: FLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE FOR TWO-PHASE-FLOW LIQUID-FRACTION MEASUREMENTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ANGELINI ◽  
W.M. QUAM ◽  
W.W. YUEN ◽  
T. G. THEOFANOUS
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fluorescent Technique

Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Hot Embossed Square Microchannels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namwon Kim ◽  
Estelle T. Evans ◽  
Daniel S. Park ◽  
Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos ◽  
Steven A. Soper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weber Number ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Bubble Length

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow in 200 μm square microchannels thermoformed in polymer chips. Polymer microfluidic chips were replicated using hot embossing of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with micromachined brass mold inserts. The thermoformed microchannels in polymer chips typically had greater surface roughnesses compared to microchannels etched in the silicon substrate. Two more different polymer chips, a direct micromachined PMMA chip and a chip hot embossed with a LIGA nickel mold insert, were fabricated to compare surface characteristics of the sidewalls and bottoms of fabricated microchannels. Deionized water and dry air were injected separately into the chips at superficial velocities of jL = 0.005 – 0.11 m/s for the liquid and jG = 0.003 – 16.67 m/s for the gas. Capillary bubbly, plug, plug-annular, annular, and dry flows were observed in the microchannels. Two-phase flow pattern maps and transitions between flow regimes were determined for fixed values of the homogeneous liquid fraction defined as βL = QL/(QL + QG) where QL and QG are the liquid and gas flow rates, and the liquid Weber number fraction defined as γL = WeL/(WeL + WeG) where WeL and WeG are the liquid and gas Weber number. The surface roughness in submicron range showed minor effect in comparison with the previous work in terms of the gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns and transitions between flow regimes. Dimensionless bubble sizes scaled by the width of observation microchannel were plotted against the homogeneous liquid fraction (βL). A scaling law for the bubble length developed for the previous work with T-junctions was applicable to the present work used the cross junction for generation of segmented flow. With a fixed value of the fitting parameter, scaling law showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Deviation of the scaled bubble length from predicted bubble length line and irregularity of bubble length with a fixed homogeneous liquid fraction increased with higher gas flow rates.

Dimensionless correlations for forced convection in liquid metals: Part II. two-phase flow

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros A. Argyropoulos ◽  
Dipak Mazumdar ◽  
Anthony C. Mikrovas ◽  
Don A. Doutre
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dimensionless Correlations
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