DAMAGE FUNCTIONS FOR DETERMINING IRRADIATION EFFECTIVENESS.

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Simons
Keyword(s):  
Damage Functions

Development of smoke corrosion and leakage current damage functions

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Newman ◽  
Paul Su ◽  
Geary G. Yee ◽  
Swathilekha Chivukula
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Damage Functions

scholarly journals New tsunami damage functions developed in the framework of SCHEMA project: application to European-Mediterranean coasts

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2835-2846 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Valencia ◽  
A. Gardi ◽  
A. Gauraz ◽  
F. Leone ◽  
R. Guillande
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Mediterranean Areas

Abstract. In the framework of the European SCenarios for tsunami Hazard-induced Emergencies MAnagement (SCHEMA) project (www.schemaproject.org), we empirically developed new tsunami damage functions to be used for quantifying the potential tsunami damage to buildings along European-Mediterranean coasts. Since no sufficient post-tsunami observations exist in the Mediterranean areas, we based our work on data collected by several authors in Banda Aceh (Indonesia) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Obviously, special attention has been paid in focusing on Indonesian buildings which present similarities (in structure, construction material, number of storeys) with the building typologies typical of the European-Mediterranean areas. An important part of the work consisted in analyzing, merging, and interpolating the post-disaster observations published by three independent teams in order to obtain the spatial distribution of flow depths necessary to link the flow-depth hazard parameter to the damage level observed on buildings. Then we developed fragility curves (showing the cumulative probability to have, for each flow depth, a damage level equal-to or greater-than a given threshold) and damage curves (giving the expected damage level) for different classes of buildings. It appears that damage curves based on the weighted mean damage level and the maximum flow depth are the most appropriate for producing, under GIS, expected damage maps for different tsunami scenarios.

The Benefits of a Seismic Retrofit Program for Commercial Unreinforced Masonry Structures: Salt Lake County, Utah

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Philip C. Emmi ◽  
Carl A. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Lake County ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Uniform Code

This paper assesses the benefits of a seismic retrofit program for commercial unreinforced masonry structures (CURMs) in Salt Lake County, Utah. A comparative risk assessment embedded in a geographic information systems is the method used. A policy evaluation time horizon of twenty years is set. Future rates of demolition and rehabilitation, with and without a retrofit policy, are assumed. Damage functions for ordinary and retrofitted URMs are used to assess losses having a 10 percent chance of being exceeded over a 50-year exposure period. With a retrofit program, expected losses are reduced by 57 percent or more than a quarter billion dollars when compared to the no-policy scenario. Expected injuries and fatalities are reduced by more than 80 percent. These are minimal benefits expected from enforcement of the seismic provisions of the Uniform Code of Building Conservation.

scholarly journals Minimal Building Flood Fragility and Loss Function Portfolio for Resilience Analysis at the Community Level

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M. Nofal ◽  
John W. van de Lindt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Propagation Of Uncertainty ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Building Loss

Current flood vulnerability analyses rely on deterministic methods (e.g., stage–damage functions) to quantify resulting damage and losses to the built environment. While such approaches have been used extensively by communities, they do not enable the propagation of uncertainty into a risk- or resilience-informed decision process. In this paper, a method that allows the development of building fragility and building loss functions is articulated and applied to develop an archetype portfolio that can be used to model buildings in a typical community. The typical single-variable flood vulnerability function, normally based on flood depth, is extended to a multi-variate flood vulnerability function, which is a function of both flood depth and flood duration, thereby creating fragility surfaces. The portfolio presented herein consists of 15 building archetypes that can serve to populate a community-level model to predict damage and resulting functionality from a scenario flood event. The prediction of damage and functionality of buildings within a community is the first step in developing risk-informed mitigation decisions to improve community resilience.

scholarly journals Adaptability and transferability of flood loss functions in residential areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3485-3527 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cammerer ◽  
A. H. Thieken ◽  
J. Lammel
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
Loss Data

Abstract. Flood loss modeling is an important component within flood risk assessments. Traditionally, stage-damage functions are used for the estimation of direct monetary damage to buildings. Although it is known that such functions are governed by large uncertainties, they are commonly applied – even in different geographical regions – without further validation, mainly due to the lack of data. Until now, little research has been done to investigate the applicability and transferability of such damage models to other regions. In this study, the last severe flood event in the Austrian Lech Valley in 2005 was simulated to test the performance of various damage functions for the residential sector. In addition to common stage-damage curves, new functions were derived from empirical flood loss data collected in the aftermath of recent flood events in the neighboring Germany. Furthermore, a multi-parameter flood loss model for the residential sector was adapted to the study area and also evaluated by official damage data. The analysis reveals that flood loss functions derived from related and homogenous regions perform considerably better than those from more heterogeneous datasets. To illustrate the effect of model choice on the resulting uncertainty of damage estimates, the current flood risk for residential areas was assessed. In case of extreme events like the 300 yr flood, for example, the range of losses to residential buildings between the highest and the lowest estimates amounts to a factor of 18, in contrast to properly validated models with a factor of 2.3. Even if the risk analysis is only performed for residential areas, more attention should be paid to flood loss assessments in future. To increase the reliability of damage modeling, more loss data for model development and validation are needed.

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