scholarly journals WATER FILTRATION RESEARCH. PART III. THE EFFECTS OF POLYELECTROLYTE FILTER CONDITIONERS ON FILTER BED EXPANSION DURING BACKWASHING.

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Olesen ◽  
B.L. Carlile ◽  
R.L. Schmidt ◽  
C.J. Touhill
Keyword(s):  
Water Filtration ◽  
Bed Expansion ◽  
Filter Bed

scholarly journals Energy and Water Savings during Backwashing of Rapid Filter Plants

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Michał Zielina ◽  
Wojciech Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Filter Operation ◽  
Bed Expansion ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Filter Bed

This paper describes an analysis of the effects of adjusting the intensity of filter backwash to the water temperature. The consequences of the lack of such adjustment for the life of filter beds, the amount of water used for backwashing, the amount of energy used for backwashing and the quality of the first filtrate are presented. In order to determine the losses and profits resulting from controlling the intensity of backwash water depending on its temperature, an analysis was carried out at a water treatment plant in southern Poland. Laboratory measurements were used to determine the granulation and specific gravity of sand grains filling the filtration beds. On the basis of measurements on a semi-technical scale, the magnitudes of filter bed expansion were determined for average monthly wash water temperatures. They were first calculated from the Richardson–Zaki equation, using different formulae for the value of the exponent of the power in this equation. Due to significant differences in the density and shape of grains covered with a permanent deposit after several years of filter operation, a satisfactory match between the formulae known from the literature and the results of expansion measurements was not obtained. Therefore, an new formula for the bed expansion was developed based on the Richardson–Zaki equation. A good fit of this formula to the experimental results was obtained. Monthly average values of water temperature were compiled, and on this basis the required amount of backwash water and energy was computed. The computations were made for 25% of fluidized bed expansion. Possible energy and water savings were estimated, as well as further gains from keeping the required expansion of the porous bed constant regardless of the wash water temperature.

Water filtration using rice hull ash

Waterlines ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnes ◽  
Mampitiyarachichi
Keyword(s):  
Water Filtration ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Rice Hull Ash

Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Developing World

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 4261-4267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Sobsey ◽  
Christine E. Stauber ◽  
Lisa M. Casanova ◽  
Joseph M. Brown ◽  
Mark A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Point Of Use

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofilter Preparation and Application for Iron Removal

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Jha ◽  
Watsa Khongnakorn ◽  
Chamorn Chawenjkigwanich ◽  
Md Shahariar Chowdhury ◽  
Kuaanan Techato
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis

In this paper, the green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) nanomaterials using Callistemon viminalis leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent is reported for the first time. The synthesized r-GO nanomaterials were characterized using UV–Vis, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The nanofilter membrane was prepared by varying the amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in a Polysulfone-N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution. The nanofilter membrane was characterized by the contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis, and FTIR. The results confirm the formation of r-GO nanomaterials. Higher amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane show a lower contact angle, thus confirming their hydrophilic nature. Iron water filtration was performed with different amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane filter, and the water flux was smooth over an increased time period. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis showed a higher percentage of iron rejection (95.77%) when higher amounts (0.10 g) of r-GO nanomaterials were used in a mixed membrane (i.e., sample C). In conclusion, the findings illustrate that Callistemon viminalis mediates the synthesis of r-GO nanomaterials, which is useful in water filtration, and can be incorporated into membrane filters, since it removes iron.

scholarly journals Design and characterization of ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste ash using phase inversion-based extrusion/sintering technique for water filtration

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhong Sheng Tai ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
Azeman Mustafa ◽  
Mohd Irfan Hatim Mohamed Dzahir ◽  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Fiber Membrane
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