scholarly journals AN X-BAND TIME INTERVAL MEASURING SYSTEM

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
X Band

Measurement of total respiratory impedance in infants by the forced oscillation technique

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 770-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Desager ◽  
W. Buhr ◽  
M. Willemen ◽  
H. P. van Bever ◽  
W. de Backer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bias Flow ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Ventilatory Lung Function

The forced oscillation technique according to Landser et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 41:101–106, 1976) was modified for use in infants. Adaptations, including a flexible tube to connect the infant to the measuring system and a bias flow to avoid rebreathing, did not influence impedance values. The linearity of the respiratory system was assessed and confirmed by 1) applying pseudo-random noise oscillations at three different amplitudes to 7 infants and 2) comparing in 12 infants impedance values obtained with pseudo-random noise and with sinusoidal oscillations at 12 and 32 Hz. Intersubject variability, averaged for all frequencies, was 6%. In 17 infants the relative error (+/- SD) between two series of five measurements within a time interval of 15 min was 0.5 +/- 5.7%. No statistically significant difference was found between impedance values before and after repositioning of the infant's head, whereas rotation resulted in a decrease in resistance and no effect on reactance. Our results indicate that the infant-adapted forced pseudo-random noise oscillation technique has the potential to give valuable information about ventilatory lung function in infants.

System Implications of the Ambulance Arrival-to-Patient Contact Interval on Response Interval Compliance

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack P. Campbell ◽  
Matthew C. Gratton ◽  
Joseph A. Salomone ◽  
Daniel J. Lindholm ◽  
William A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
System Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Chi Square

AbstractBackground:Background: In some emergency medical services (EMS) system designs, response time intervals are mandated with monetary penalties for noncompliance. These times are set with the goal of providing rapid, definitive patient care. The time interval of vehicle at scene-to-patient access (VSPA) has been measured, but its effect on response time interval compliance has not been determined.Purpose:To determine the effect of the VSPA interval on the mandated code 1 (<9 min) and code 2 (<13 min) response time interval compliance in an urban, public-utility model system.Methods:A prospective, observational study used independent third-party riders to collect the VSPA interval for emergency life-threatening (code 1) and emergency nonlife-threatening (code 2) calls. The VSPA interval was added to the 9-1-1 call-to-dispatch and vehicle dispatch-to-scene intervals to determine the total time interval from call received until paramedic access to the patient (9-1-1 call-to-patient access). Compliance with the man dated response time intervals was determined using the traditional time intervals (9-1-1 call-to-scene) plus the VSPA time intervals (9-1-1 call-to-patient access). Chi-square was used to determine statistical significance.Results:Of the 216 observed calls, 198 were matched to the traditional time intervals. Sixty three were code 1, and 135 were code 2. Of the code 1 calls, 90.5% were compliant using 9-1-1 call-to-scene intervals dropping to 63.5% using 9-1-1 call-to-patient access intervals (p<0.0005). Of the code 2 calls, 94.1% were compliant using 9-1-1 call-to-scene intervals. Compliance decreased to 83.7% using 9-1-1 call-to-patient access intervals (p = 0.012).Conclusion:The addition of the VSPA interval to the traditional time intervals impacts system response time compliance. Using 9-1-1 call-to-scene compliance as a basis for measuring system performance underestimates the time for the delivery of definitive care. This must be considered when response time interval compliances are defined.

X-band ground-based radiometer-scatterometer measuring system

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanliang Yao ◽  
Yinlong Zhao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Zhen-he Fang
Keyword(s):  
Measuring System ◽  
Title X ◽  
X Band

scholarly journals Monitoring of Power Towers’ Movement Using Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry in South West of Tehran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Tarighat ◽  
Fatemeh Foroughnia ◽  
Daniele Perissin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
X Band ◽  
Psi Method

The Tehran basin has been increasingly affected by subsidence during the last few decades due to groundwater withdrawal. Hence, the study of the strength of the power towers (PTs) of transmission lines, as vital structures, is an important subject. In this paper, the persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) method was applied on data stacks from two satellites (i.e., X-band COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and C-band Sentinel-1A (S-1A)) obtained between 2014 and 2016 to investigate the deformation and the exact amount of displacement in each PT of the area of interest. Based on the results, during the same time interval (between October 2014 and February 2016), the vertical velocities calculated using CSK and S-1A were about −86 and −79 mm/y, respectively. Although the CSK data analysis resulted in a better displacement interpretation of PTs, due to its high resolution and shorter wavelength, the S-1 data analysis also demonstrated sufficient persistent scatterer (PS) points. The research proves that most of the PTs along a transmission line are affected by high land subsidence, which puts them in a serious jeopardy. They must be constantly monitored to ensure their safety and accurate operation. The results are in complete agreement with information of the existing global positioning system (GPS) station in our study area and also the observations of two piezometric wells with declining trends in the groundwater reservoir, which has the greatest effect on the subsidence rate in this area. The analysis revealed that the strength of PTs is at a high risk.

Influence of reagent lots and multiple measuring systems on estimating the coefficient of variation from quality control data; implications for uncertainty estimation and interpretation of QC results

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829-1835
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Ellis ◽  
Alexander R. Gross ◽  
Jeffrey R. Budd ◽  
W. Greg Miller
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Uncertainty Of Results ◽  
Abbott Architect ◽  
Estimate Uncertainty

AbstractBackgroundClinical laboratories use internal quality control (QC) data to calculate standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) to estimate uncertainty of results and to interpret QC results. We examined the influence of different instruments, and QC and reagent lots on the CV calculated from QC data.MethodsResults for BioRad Multiqual frozen liquid QC samples over a 2-year interval were partitioned by QC and reagent lots. The mean and CV were calculated for each partition for each of three Abbott Architect c8000 instruments for measuring serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), creatinine (enzymatic), glucose and sodium.ResultsCVs differed among partitions and instruments for two QC levels by 5.8- and 3.3-fold for ALT, by 4.7- and 2.1-fold for creatinine, by 2.0- and 2.6-fold for glucose, and by 2.1- and 2.0-fold for sodium. Pooled CVs for two QC levels varied among instruments by 1.78- and 1.11-fold for ALT, by 1.63- and 1.11-fold for creatinine, by 1.08- and 1.06-fold for glucose, and by 1.24- and 1.31-fold for sodium.ConclusionsThe CVs from QC data varied substantially among QC and reagent lots and for different identical specification instruments. The CV used to estimate uncertainty for a measurement result or as the basis for interpreting individual QC results must be derived over a sufficient time interval to obtain a pooled CV that represents “typical” performance of a measuring system. An estimate of uncertainty provided to users of laboratory results will itself have uncertainty that can influence medical decisions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OP A SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASURING SYSTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Renger
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Automatic Instrument ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Shipping Traffic ◽  
Delivery Pipe ◽  
Measurement Location

A new method for continuously recording sediment concert - trations with high accuracy has been developed. It is proposed to apply the method for In-situ measurements in connection with investigations of tidal control and sediment transport induced by shipping traffic. The operating principle is as follows: at the measurement location, sedime~nt laden water is continuously sucked-in by means of a pump and is forced under pressure into a hydrocyclone ( solid bowl centrifuge ) through a delivery pipe of varying length. Here the extracted sediment flux (particle size *> 5 nm) is delivered by the shortest route to a settling tank and continuously weighed under water (wet-weighing). Following calculation and appropriate adjustment to the sample discharge ( Q ) the weight increase for selected time intervals ( AG (At)) yields the mean concentration for the time interval ( c (At)) in weight / unit volume ( mg/1 ) (direct measurement, calibration not required ). Details and experiences of the 3 major development stages will be described. A fully-automatic instrument for continuously measuring nonsteady sediment movement is now available. The instrument may be installed above as well as below water as desired.

scholarly journals Wide Variation of Squeezing Force and Dispensing Time Interval among Eyedropper Bottles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Ocular Disease ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Syringe Pump ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. We aimed to investigate squeezing force and dispensing time interval of the first and second eye drops among a variety of eyedropper bottles and to clarify associated factors within these parameters. Methods. A total of 87 eyedropper bottles were involved in this study. We developed a squeezing force measuring system consisting of a syringe pump, digital force gauge, and custom-made test stand to measure the squeezing force and dispensing interval. The eyedropper bottle was housed in the system vertically, and measurements were repeated five times. We investigated the differences in squeezing force and dispensing interval by categories, including those that targeted ocular disease, brand or generic eyedroppers, shapes of eyedropper bottles, and the presence of a membrane filter inside the tip of the eyedropper bottle. Results. The mean squeezing forces of the first drop and the second drops were 8.3 ± 3.0 N and 10.4 ± 3.2 N, respectively. Both squeezing forces had a wide variation of more than threefold. A mean interval between the first and second drops was 3.1 ± 1.2 sec with a maximum difference of more than sevenfold. Round shapes of eyedropper bottles and the presence of filter membranes significantly increased the squeezing force. Conclusions. The squeezing force of eyedropper bottles was very wide, which may affect proper eye drop instillation. Unification of eyedropper bottles or developing mechanical aids may be useful for proper eye drop treatment.

High-resolution time-interval measuring system implemented in single FPGA device

Measurement ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Zieliński ◽  
Dariusz Chaberski ◽  
Marcin Kowalski ◽  
Robert Frankowski ◽  
Sławomir Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Resolution Time
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