scholarly journals Promoting plumbing fixture and fitting replacement: Recommendations and review for state and local water resource authorities

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dunham ◽  
J.D. Lutz ◽  
S.J. Pickle
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Local Water Resource

Conflicting Drivers of Virtual Water Trade: A Review Based on the “Virtual Water Concept”

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150011
Author(s):  
Golden Odey ◽  
Bashir Adelodun ◽  
Sang Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyung Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Local Water Resource ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Water

The virtual water concept has been largely applied in the study of regional, national, and global water flows with particular emphasis on water endowment. Despite water traditionally being managed locally, certain forces (drivers) influence the local water resource availability and hence virtual water exchanges. This study reviews available literature to determine those drivers and their influence on virtual water exchanges. Studies show that the drivers are numerous, and there exist several available literatures providing controversial results leading to a high level of uncertainty in the determination of their relative significance. Possible reasons for the contradicting results are discussed and suggestions made.

scholarly journals Analysing the sensitivity of Hungarian landscapes based on climate change induced shallow groundwater fluctuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Zsolt Fehér ◽  
János Rakonczai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Groundwater Fluctuation ◽  
Current Parameter ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The One

One of the undoubtedly recognizable consequences of the ongoing climate change in Hungary is the permanent change of groundwater depth, and consequently the sustainably reachable local water resources. These processes trigger remarkable changes in soil and vegetation. Thus, in research of sensitivity of any specific landscape to the varying climatic factors, monitoring and continuous evaluation of the water resources is inevitable. The presented spatiotemporal geostatistical cosimulation framework is capable to identify rearrangements of the subsurface water resources through water resource observations. Application of the Markov 2-type coregionalization model is based on the assumption, that presumably only slight changes have to be handled between two consecutive time instants, hence current parameter set can be estimated based on the spatial structures of prior and current dataset and previously identified parameters. Moreover, the algorithm is capable to take into consideration the significance of the geomorphologic settings on the subsurface water flow. Trends in water resource changes are appropriate indicators of certain areas climate sensitivity. The method is also suitable in determination of the main cause of the extraordinary groundwater discharges, like the one, observed from the beginning of the 1980’s in the Danube–Tisza Interfluve in Hungary.

scholarly journals A joint-probabilistic programming method for water resources optimal allocation under uncertainty: a case study in the Beiyun River, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-409
Author(s):  
Xueping Gao ◽  
Yinzhu Liu ◽  
Bowen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Copula Functions ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Allocation Plans

Abstract In recent years, the lower reaches of the Beiyun River have suffered from growing water resource shortages due to the reduction of upstream water resource and drying up of the stream channel. More reasonable and scientifically based water allocation plans should be developed and implemented; however, uncertainties exist regarding the determination of water supply availability and spillage of extra water. To assess and manage regional water shortage, the combined effects of multiple water supply sources as well as the joint probability of typical events should be considered. The joint probability of water supply, considering upstream and local water supplies, was estimated through the copula functions. A multi-objective optimization model was then developed and solved by improved genetic algorithms to plan water resources allocation within a multi-source environment containing multiple competitive users. The framework is demonstrated, and represents a range of different water supply scenarios in terms of different probabilities of occurrence and constraint violations. The results showed that water allocation was greatly influenced by uncertainties, especially in upstream-local water supply. In addition, violating water-allocation constraint posed an extra uncertainty. This study facilitates the proposition of adaption allocation plans for uncertain environments, aiming to balance the shortage, economy, and reliability.

scholarly journals Local water resource management through stakeholder participation: case study, arid region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sheth ◽  
M. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Local Water Resource ◽  
The City

Abstract Access to clean water is important for socio-economic development worldwide. Bhuj, in an arid region in Gujarat State in India, has an ancient and unique water resource management system. The city's visionary king developed a catchment system of lakes so that, despite minimal rainfall and frequent droughts, sufficient water could be stored to sustain the city for around 300 years. However, over the years, with rapid urbanization and the introduction of a piped water supply, this ancient supply system was abandoned and was not maintained well. As a result, the city's water resources became polluted and defunct, which forced it to depend on distant water sources. This study shows how the city's water management strategies changed before independence (1947), and pre-earthquake (1947–2001) and post-earthquake (2001 to present). The paper mainly documents how the city's own water resources can be managed successfully by following the concepts of IUWM through effective stakeholder participation, to make the city water-secure.

scholarly journals The Federal Role in Small Area Planning

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Neil R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Congressional Committee ◽  
The Public ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Local Point ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Area Planning

Water resource planning is accomplished at several levels—individual projects and small watersheds, sub-basins, regional framework plans, and finally, national planning at the Water Resource Council and congressional committee levels, in ascending geographic scope. All planning efforts are in some measure guided by the statement in Senate Document 97 that, “All viewpoints (national, regional, state and local) shall be fully considered and taken into account in planning resource use and development”. However, the consideration of various viewpoints does not necessarily make them compatible. A plan once formulated favors a particular point of view over others. The local point of view generally carries more weight than the national point of view because: (1) more projects can be justified on the basis of their net value to local interests rather than the public at large, and (2) the local economic effects of a project are more readily identifiable and more easily analyzed than are the net national effects.

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