scholarly journals Water transport pathway in clay interlayer upon dehydration.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Ho ◽  
Carlos Jove-Colon ◽  
Eric Coker
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Clay Interlayer

scholarly journals Water transport pathway in clay interlayer upon dehydration.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Ho ◽  
Carlos Jove-Colon ◽  
Eric Coker
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Clay Interlayer

scholarly journals Growth and grain yield of eight maize hybrids is aligned with water transport, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in a semi-arid irrigated system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Gleason ◽  
Lauren Nalezny ◽  
Cameron Hunter ◽  
Robert Bensen ◽  
Satya Chintamanani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Improved Performance

There is increasing interest in understanding how trait networks can be manipulated to improve the performance of crop species. Working towards this goal, we have identified key traits linking the acquisition of water, the transport of water to the sites of evaporation and photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and growth across eight maize hybrid lines grown under well-watered and water-limiting conditions in Northern Colorado. Under well-watered conditions, well-performing hybrids exhibited high leaf-specific conductance, low operating water potentials, high rates of midday stomatal conductance, high rates of net CO2 assimilation, greater leaf osmotic adjustment, and higher end-of-season growth and grain yield. This trait network was similar under water-limited conditions with the notable exception that linkages between water transport, midday stomatal conductance, and growth were even stronger than under fully-watered conditions. The results of this experiment suggest that similar trait networks might confer improved performance under contrasting climate and soil conditions, and that efforts to improve the performance of crop species could possibly benefit by considering the water transport pathway within leaves, as well as within the whole-xylem, in addition to root-level and leaf-level traits.

Two measures of leaf capacitance: insights into the water transport pathway and hydraulic conductance in leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Blackman ◽  
Tim J. Brodribb
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Transpiration Stream ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Key Indicators

The efficiency and stress tolerance of leaf water transport are key indicators of plant function, but our ability to assess these processes is constrained by gaps in our understanding of the water transport pathway in leaves. A major challenge is to understand how different pools of water in leaves are connected to the transpiration stream and, hence, determine leaf capacitance (Cleaf) to short- and medium-term fluctuations in transpiration. Here, we examine variation across an anatomically and phylogenetically diverse group of woody angiosperms in two measures of Cleaf assumed to represent bulk-leaf capacitance (Cbulk) and the capacitance of leaf tissues that influence dynamic changes in leaf hydration (Cdyn). Among species, Cbulk was significantly correlated with leaf mass per unit area, whereas Cdyn was independently related to leaf lignin content (%) and the saturated mass of leaf water per unit dry weight. Dynamic and steady-state measurements of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) agreed if Cdyn was used rather than Cbulk, suggesting that the leaf tissue in some species is hydraulically compartmentalised and that only a proportion of total leaf water is hydraulically well connected to the transpiration stream. These results indicate that leaf rehydration kinetics can accurately measure Kleaf with knowledge of the capacitance of the hydraulic pathway.

Effects of membrane fluidizing agents on renal brush border proton permeability

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. F933-F940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Ives ◽  
A. S. Verkman
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Orange Fluorescence ◽  
Dose Dependent

H+ permeability (PH) of brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit renal cortex was measured from the rate of collapse of preformed pH gradients using acridine orange fluorescence quenching. n-Alkanols increased PH from 0.005 to 0.1 cm/s in a dose-dependent manner. At 25 degrees C, PH increased to 0.01 cm/s at [n-alkanol] = 90 mM (butanol), 30 mM (pentanol), 7 mM (hexanol), and 1.8 mM (heptanol). Activation energy (Ea) of PH was 21.6 kcal/mol (5-50 degrees C), which decreased to 18.5 kcal/mol in the presence of either 200 mM butanol or 12 mM hexanol. Membrane fluidity was estimated from diphenylhexatriene anisotropy (r). n-Alkanols decreased r from 0.25 to 0.18 in a dose-dependent manner. At 25 degrees C, r = 0.22 at [n-alkanol] = 200 mM (butanol), 27 mM (pentanol), 9.5 mM (hexanol), and 2 mM (heptanol). The effects of n-alkanols on PH and r correlated well with known n-alkanol lipid-water partition coefficients. Similar increases in PH and decreases in r were observed for nonalkanol lipid anesthetics. The effects of n-alkanols on the Na+-H+ antiporter and on osmotically driven water transport were also studied. At concentrations of n-alkanol that resulted in a 10-fold increase in PH, there was no significant effect on either Na+-H+ exchange or water transport. These results suggest a lipid pathway for brush border H+ diffusion that is distinct from both the Na+-H+ antiporter and the water transport pathway.

scholarly journals Transpiration difference under high evaporative demand in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) may be explained by differences in the water transport pathway in the root cylinder

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-780
Author(s):  
K Sivasakthi ◽  
M Tharanya ◽  
M Zaman‐Allah ◽  
J Kholová ◽  
T Thirunalasundari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

The Effect of Guttation on the Growth of Bamboo Shoots

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Huifang Zheng ◽  
Miaomiao Cai ◽  
Yucong Bai ◽  
Junlei Xu ◽  
Yali Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Feature ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Positive Effect

Guttation is the process of exudating droplets from the tips, edges, and adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the undamaged leaves. Guttation is a natural and spontaneous biological phenomenon that occurs in a wide variety of plants. Despite its generally positive effect on plant growth, many aspects of this cryptic process are unknown. In this study, the guttation phenomenon characteristic of bamboo shoots and the anatomical feature of these and culm sheaths were systematically observed. In addition, the water transport pathway and the compounds in guttation droplets of bamboo shoots were analyzed, and the effect of bamboo sheaths’ guttation on the growth of bamboo shoots was assessed. The results revealed that bamboo shoots began to exudate liquid in the evening through to the next morning, during which period the volume of guttation liquid gradually increases and then decreases before sunrise. Many vascular bundles are in bamboo shoots and culm sheaths to facilitate this water transport. The exudate liquid contains organic acids, sugars, and hormones, among other compounds. Our findings suggest that the regular guttation of the sheath blade is crucial to maintain the normal growth of bamboo shoots.

Study on the mechanism of water transport near the surface of pristine and nitrogen-doped β-graphyne

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150152
Author(s):  
Haifeng Nan ◽  
Xinghua Zhu ◽  
Ke Chu ◽  
Zhibin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Nitrogen Doped

The transport mechanism of water molecules on the surface of single-layer [Formula: see text]-graphyne is investigated from the first-principles calculations. The result indicates that when water molecules are adsorbed in different stances, their corresponding transport paths are different. When N atoms are doped with sp carbon atoms, the transport pathway of water molecules is opposite to that of intrinsic [Formula: see text]-graphyne, which is due to the charge transfer between atoms. Consequently, this study is conducive to understand the mechanism of nanoscale water transport on the graphyne surface and provides a theoretical basis for exploring the interaction between water and graphyne.

Aquaporins in rat pancreatic interlobular ducts

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. G324-G331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru B. H. Ko ◽  
Satoru Naruse ◽  
Motoji Kitagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro ◽  
Sonoko Furuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Basolateral Membranes ◽  
Duct Cells

The aquaporin (AQP) family of water channels is distributed ubiquitously in many epithelia and plays a fundamental role in transmembrane water transport. The aim of this study is to identify the water transport pathway in pancreatic duct cells where most of the HCO[Formula: see text]-rich fluid originates. Using digital videomicroscopy, we measured the osmotic water permeability ( P f) of pancreatic duct epithelium by exposing isolated rat interlobular ducts to the hypotonic solution (145 mosM). To identify mRNA and protein of AQPs expressed in duct cells, we conducted RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry of the isolated duct and pancreas. The calculated P f(160–230 μm/s) of the isolated ducts was significantly reduced to 16–35 μm/s by 80–90% with either basolateral or luminal applications of HgCl2. Fluid secretion evoked by secretin was almost completely abolished by a basolateral or luminal application of HgCl2. A large amount of AQP1 and small amounts of AQP5 transcripts were detected in the isolated duct cells by RT-PCR. AQP1, but not AQP5, immunoreactivity was present in both luminal and basolateral membranes of the interlobular duct cells. Mercury-sensitive water channels are present in both luminal and basolateral membranes of rat pancreatic ducts. AQP1 of the known AQPs appears to be the main water pathway in interlobular ducts.

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