County Economic Impact Index: Measuring the ongoing economic effects of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeton Smith ◽  
Matthew Riddle ◽  
Amanda Wagner ◽  
Lesley Edgemon ◽  
Carmella Burdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Impact Index

Could social and economic side-effects undermine nature conservation? - An investigation into the socio-economic impact of conservation grazing regimes in Cumbria

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
I. D. Soane
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

English Nature has negotiated substantial stocking reductions (up to 60%) on a number of upland Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria with the objective of restoring their vegetation quality. Because concerns were raised about possible socio-economic effects of these conservation regimes English Nature asked stakeholders to set out their concerns. Consultants were then requested to review and assess these for English Nature action. This paper summarises specific aspects of the conclusions of this research and the conclusions of a workshop to whom the report was presented.

The economic consequences of the Celali revolts: the destruction and re-establishment of the state’s taxation organisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Polat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Tax Unit

At the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries the Celali revolts resulted in wide-scale destruction throughout the entire Anatolian region. While research has been done on the general effects of this destruction, in-depth work investigating the economic consequences of the Celali revolts based on extant economic data has yet to be undertaken. Using archival material it is, however, possible to show the economic effects of these revolts. Taking the fall in tax collected by the state from the population as a result of the Celali revolts, this article aims to show how these revolts affected the economic structure of the state. By comparing the levels of avarız taxes collected before and after the revolts, and by trying to establish the levels of tax set according to the tax unit, the avarız hanes, the article thus sets out the economic impact the revolts had in Anatolia.

An explanation of economic impact: why positive impacts can exist for smaller sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola Agha ◽  
Daniel A. Rascher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Minor League Baseball ◽  
Positive Economic ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Minor League

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand why some sports show a positive economic impact and other sports do not, and to identify a common set of explanatory factors explaining the differences. Design/methodology/approach – This explanatory research reviews the economic impact literature to identify the underlying conditions that would theoretically allow any sport, large or small, to generate positive economic effects. Findings – Nine conditions are identified that, when present, could allow a community to experience a positive economic impact from a team or stadium. These are then used to explain the discrepancy in known empirical outcomes in major and minor league baseball (MiLB). It appears as if major league teams are more likely to violate the conditions than minor league teams. This research finds theoretical support for previous suggestions that smaller teams and events may be beneficial to local economies. In doing so, it also explains previous empirical results that found some MiLB classifications are associated with positive gains in per capita income. Practical implications – Stakeholders can use the nine conditions to understand expected economic impact of their relevant sports. This research provides a comprehensive guide to understanding when economic impact can be positive. Social implications – This research helps explain some of the existing controversy regarding economic impact analysis. Originality/value – It is the first research to help provide a pre-set of conditions that can help predict whether positive economic impact will occur for specific sports teams or stadium projects.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Economic Impact of Bovine Tuberculosis on Livestock Farms in South-Western Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Rosario Pérez-Morote ◽  
Carolina Pontones-Rosa ◽  
Christian Gortázar-Schmidt ◽  
Álvaro Ignacio Muñoz-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Wild Hosts

Pasture-based livestock farming generates income in regions with limited resources and is key to biodiversity conservation. However, costs derived from fighting disease can make the difference between profit and loss, eventually compromising farm survival. Animal TB (TB), a chronic infection of cattle and other domestic and wild hosts, is one of the primary limitations of beef cattle farming in some parts of Europe. When an animal tests positive for TB, a loss of profit is caused in the farm, which is due mainly to the animal’s slaughter, replacement of the slaughtered animal and the need to immobilize the rest of the herd. We estimated the economic impact in terms of loss of profit as a result of incremental costs and forgone incomes. We show that farms with a larger number of heads are more capable of dealing with the loss of profit caused by the disease. The quantification of the loss of profit contributes to the ongoing debate on the co-sharing of TB costs between government and farmers. The compensation farmers receive from the public administration to mitigate the economic effects of the disease control interventions is only intended to balance the loss due to slaughter of the infected cattle, being the loss of profit a more global concept.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of the SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Pinilla ◽  
Patricia Barber ◽  
Laura Vallejo-Torres ◽  
Silvia Rodríguez-Mireles ◽  
Beatriz González López-Valcárcel G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Structural Time Series ◽  
Productive System ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the Spanish economy hard. The result is an unprecedented economic and social crisis due to uncertainty about the remedy, and due to the socio-economic effects on people’s lives. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the macro-economic impact of COVID-19 in 2020, using the principal indicators of the Spanish economic and productive model. National statistics were examined in the search for impacts or anomalies occurring since the beginning of the pandemic. To estimate the strength of the impact on each of the indicators analysed, we used Bayesian structural time series. Results: In 2020, the cumulative impact on the Gross Domestic Product was of -11.41% [95% credible interval: -13.46; -9.29]. The indicator for Business Turnover fell by -9.37% [-12.71; -6.07]. The reduction in business activity was related to the sharp fall in demand. The Spanish employment market was strongly affected; our estimates showed a cumulative increase of 11.9% [4.27; 19.45] in the rate of unemployment during 2020. The autonomous communities which are economically the most heavily dependent on the services sector were those which recorded the worst indicators. Conclusions: Our estimates portray a dramatic situation in our country, and show all too clearly the fragility of a productive system which has to make the behavioural changes that are necessary to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Non-standard activities on farms in the Province of Zeeland in the Netherlands: an export base approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
W. J M Heijman ◽  
M. H Hubregtse ◽  
J. A C van Ophem
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Base Approach ◽  
Base Theory ◽  
Regional Economic Impact

In this paper, the economic impact of non-standard activities on farms (NSAF) is analysed. After a discussion of NSAF, the export base theory is introduced as the analytical tool to assess its regional economic impact. The theory is applied to the Province of Zeeland in the Netherlands for the period 1998–2008. The first conclusion is that employment will increase by an estimated 193 full-time equivalents per year in this decade. This growth is mainly attributed to an expected rise in agri-tourism. The second overall conclusion is that the export base theory is a fruitful method to assess the regional economic effects of NSAF. The method may be applied to other regions as well.

scholarly journals Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. eaaz3801 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. R. Sumaila ◽  
D. Zeller ◽  
L. Hood ◽  
M. L. D. Palomares ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Unregulated Fishing ◽  
Unreported Catches

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is widespread; it is therefore likely that illicit trade in marine fish catch is also common worldwide. We combine ecological-economic databases to estimate the magnitude of illicit trade in marine fish catch and its impacts on people. Globally, between 8 and 14 million metric tons of unreported catches are potentially traded illicitly yearly, suggesting gross revenues of US$9 to US$17 billion associated with these catches. Estimated loss in annual economic impact due to the diversion of fish from the legitimate trade system is US$26 to US$50 billion, while losses to countries’ tax revenues are between US$2 and US$4 billion. Country-by-country estimates of these losses are provided in the Supplementary Materials. We find substantial likely economic effects of illicit trade in marine fish catch, suggesting that bold policies and actions by both public and private actors are needed to curb this illicit trade.

The economic impact of mental health stigma and discrimination: A systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sharac ◽  
Paul Mccrone ◽  
Sarah Clement ◽  
Graham Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The South ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination

SUMMARYPeople with mental illness face stigma and discrimination in a variety of settings which can have an economic impact. Aim – The aim of this paper was to identify literature on the economic impact of mental illness stigma. Methods – A systematic review of the literature identified 30 papers from 27 studies by searching electronic databases and hand searching reference lists. Results – Mental illness stigma/discrimination was found to impact negatively on employment, income, public views about resource allocation and healthcare costs. Conclusions – Stigma and discrimination regarding mental health problems lead to adverse economic effects for people with these conditions. Interventions that reduce stigma may therefore also be economically beneficial.Declaration of Interest: This study was funded in relation to a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Programme grant awarded to the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and in relation to the NIHR Specialist Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. There is no conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

scholarly journals Modelling Economic Effects of the Media Influence as Methodological Basis for Strategizing the Media System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-733
Author(s):  
Sergey Vartanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
National Level ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
The Impact

This research focused on the impact of media industry on other sectors of the economy. Advertising is considered as a basic implementation mechanism of media’s economic impact on the economy. The study used the original classification of the effects of economic impact on the market at all levels, developed by the author. It examined the highest level of advertising associated with the shift in market structure and economic interactions of its members and elements. The effects of this type — tertiary ones — include not only changes in the properties of equilibrium due to advertising, but also the emergence of new types of market participants whose economic activity is determined exclusively by advertising-related goals. To describe such effects, models of marketing channels are used — a special kind of production chains that connect the preceding and subsequent units with the help of contracts for advertising and promotional activities, and models of multi-sided markets, complementing the analysis with the study of the behavior of intermediary firms that place advertisements in the media. and linking producers and consumers. Classical models of two-sided markets, considering media as platforms connecting consumers with producers, do not consider the simultaneous consumption of goods and content by the audience and the nature of the producing firms’ problems. Therefore, in this paper, the focus of the study was on the models of a three-sided market, which includes three types of participants (consumers, media firms and industrial firms). It is proposed to put such models of intersectoral relations as the basis for quantitative methods of strategizing the media system, including at the national level. At the level of strategizing of individual media enterprises or holdings, the proposed model makes it possible to predict the long-term strategies of competitors. At the industrial level of strategy development, the proposed methodology makes it possible to build key indicators that determine the strategic priorities of the industry development based on the properties of the three-sided market equilibrium.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Data and Analytics for Health Care Providers: Hermeneutic Systematic Literature Review

10.2196/23315 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e23315
Author(s):  
Philip von Wedel ◽  
Christian Hagist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Advanced Analytics

Background The benefits of data and analytics for health care systems and single providers is an increasingly investigated field in digital health literature. Electronic health records (EHR), for example, can improve quality of care. Emerging analytics tools based on artificial intelligence show the potential to assist physicians in day-to-day workflows. Yet, single health care providers also need information regarding the economic impact when deciding on potential adoption of these tools. Objective This paper examines the question of whether data and analytics provide economic advantages or disadvantages for health care providers. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview including a variety of technologies beyond computer-based patient records. Ultimately, findings are also intended to determine whether economic barriers for adoption by providers could exist. Methods A systematic literature search of the PubMed and Google Scholar online databases was conducted, following the hermeneutic methodology that encourages iterative search and interpretation cycles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to 165 initially identified studies, 50 were included for qualitative synthesis and topic-based clustering. Results The review identified 5 major technology categories, namely EHRs (n=30), computerized clinical decision support (n=8), advanced analytics (n=5), business analytics (n=5), and telemedicine (n=2). Overall, 62% (31/50) of the reviewed studies indicated a positive economic impact for providers either via direct cost or revenue effects or via indirect efficiency or productivity improvements. When differentiating between categories, however, an ambiguous picture emerged for EHR, whereas analytics technologies like computerized clinical decision support and advanced analytics predominantly showed economic benefits. Conclusions The research question of whether data and analytics create economic benefits for health care providers cannot be answered uniformly. The results indicate ambiguous effects for EHRs, here representing data, and mainly positive effects for the significantly less studied analytics field. The mixed results regarding EHRs can create an economic barrier for adoption by providers. This barrier can translate into a bottleneck to positive economic effects of analytics technologies relying on EHR data. Ultimately, more research on economic effects of technologies other than EHRs is needed to generate a more reliable evidence base.

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