scholarly journals Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. eaaz3801 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. R. Sumaila ◽  
D. Zeller ◽  
L. Hood ◽  
M. L. D. Palomares ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Unregulated Fishing ◽  
Unreported Catches

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is widespread; it is therefore likely that illicit trade in marine fish catch is also common worldwide. We combine ecological-economic databases to estimate the magnitude of illicit trade in marine fish catch and its impacts on people. Globally, between 8 and 14 million metric tons of unreported catches are potentially traded illicitly yearly, suggesting gross revenues of US$9 to US$17 billion associated with these catches. Estimated loss in annual economic impact due to the diversion of fish from the legitimate trade system is US$26 to US$50 billion, while losses to countries’ tax revenues are between US$2 and US$4 billion. Country-by-country estimates of these losses are provided in the Supplementary Materials. We find substantial likely economic effects of illicit trade in marine fish catch, suggesting that bold policies and actions by both public and private actors are needed to curb this illicit trade.

Could social and economic side-effects undermine nature conservation? - An investigation into the socio-economic impact of conservation grazing regimes in Cumbria

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
I. D. Soane
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

English Nature has negotiated substantial stocking reductions (up to 60%) on a number of upland Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria with the objective of restoring their vegetation quality. Because concerns were raised about possible socio-economic effects of these conservation regimes English Nature asked stakeholders to set out their concerns. Consultants were then requested to review and assess these for English Nature action. This paper summarises specific aspects of the conclusions of this research and the conclusions of a workshop to whom the report was presented.

The economic consequences of the Celali revolts: the destruction and re-establishment of the state’s taxation organisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Polat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Tax Unit

At the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries the Celali revolts resulted in wide-scale destruction throughout the entire Anatolian region. While research has been done on the general effects of this destruction, in-depth work investigating the economic consequences of the Celali revolts based on extant economic data has yet to be undertaken. Using archival material it is, however, possible to show the economic effects of these revolts. Taking the fall in tax collected by the state from the population as a result of the Celali revolts, this article aims to show how these revolts affected the economic structure of the state. By comparing the levels of avarız taxes collected before and after the revolts, and by trying to establish the levels of tax set according to the tax unit, the avarız hanes, the article thus sets out the economic impact the revolts had in Anatolia.

Global Administrative Law: A Transnational Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladeur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Actors

The most important phenomena attributable to the project of “global administrative law” (GAL) consists of rules, principles, practices, or procedures that have a more informal character and are generated from networks of public and private actors. The main characteristics of those rules is that they tend to be generated below the level of formal international treaties and that norm production occurs—at least in part—outside traditional formal modes of decision-making. However, some GAL norms including standards on products and services in particular, can have far reaching consequences as their factual weight is much more influential than domestic norms. GAL also develops new forms of procedure (e.g., voting) that are different from traditional international forms.

County Economic Impact Index: Measuring the ongoing economic effects of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeton Smith ◽  
Matthew Riddle ◽  
Amanda Wagner ◽  
Lesley Edgemon ◽  
Carmella Burdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Impact Index

scholarly journals PHASED MULTI‐TARGET AREAL DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIONS: ALGORITHMS FOR COMPETITOR ALLOCATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahdenperä
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
Private Actors

The prevailing practice in new areal real estate development is for public and private actors to perform their duties by turns. Yet, the planning process could benefit from simultaneous contributions from society and developers and their designers. That, again, requires that the municipality selects the private partner consortia prior to completion of the local detailed plan through a competition in order to find the most potential actors and the best ideas for implementation of an urban structure of high quality. Candidates will be attracted by offering them the right to implement a residential/business block as a developer. The several blocks involved in an areal development project, and the laboriousness of producing competitive solutions, require a well planned selection process. A novel multi‐target competition process was developed which is presented in this paper with special emphasis on the allocation algorithms that allow selecting the most qualified competitors for parallel follow-up competitions from among a large group of registered candidates. The approach was tested in an actual real estate development project in the municipal district of Vuores which was the original reason for launching the study. Santruka Pletojant nekilnojamaji turta naujose teritorijose, vieši ir privatūs asmenys dažniausiai savo pareigas vykdo paeiliui. Tačiau planavimo procesui būtu tik geriau, jei tuo pačiu metu prisidetu ir visuomene, ir vystytojai, ir projektuotojai. Tam velgi reikia, kad savivaldybe paskelbtu konkursa ir pasirinktu privačiu partneriu grupes prieš užbaigdama vietini detaluji plana didžiausia potenciala turintiems dalyviams aptikti ir geriausioms idejoms surinkti, kokybiškai miesto struktūrai išvystyti. Kai teritoriju pletros projektas apima kelis kvartalus, o kuriant konkurencingus sprendimus idedama daug darbo, reikia gerai suplanuoto atrankos proceso. Yra sukurtas novatoriškas daugiatikslis konkurso procesas, pristatomas šiame darbe, daugiau demesio skiriama paskirstymo algoritmams, kuriuos naudojant iš daugybes registruotu kandidatu galima atrinkti tinkamiausius tolesniems tuo pat metu vykdomiems konkursams. Toks būdas patikrintas realiame nekilnojamojo turto pletros projekte, kuris vyko Vuores savivaldybes teritorijoje, ir būtent del šios priežasties pradetas šis tyrimas.

Consultative Opinion on Liability of Public and Private Actors for Genetic Contamination of Non-GM Crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-272
Author(s):  
San Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Genetic Contamination ◽  
Private Actors

An abridged version of the Consultative Opinion is presented here. For details of the full text readers are advised to contact the ICEAC.

scholarly journals RESOURCE SUPPLY AN ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Eshetu Mathewos Juta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Mass Transit ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Transportation Facilities

The term “urban mass transit” generally refers to scheduled intra-city service on a fixed route in shared vehicles. Public transportation is an important contributing factor to urban sustainability. Effective transportation networks that incorporate public transit livable by easing commute and transportation needs and increasing accessibility. To assess public transportation accessibility in metropolitan networks, two indices are used: the supply level of urban public transportation facilities resource and the public transportation-private automobile traveling time ratio. As the research in the Wolaita sodo town region and the assessment system, an evaluation technique for urban public transportation facility resource supply is developed based on accessibility. Accessibility is a representative indicator for evaluating the supply of bus system. Traditional studies have evaluated the accessibility from different aspects. Considering the interaction among land use, bus timetable arrangement and individual factors, a more holistic accessibility measurement is proposed to combine static and dynamic characteristics from multisource traffic data. The objective is to highlight the main lessons learned and identify knowledge gaps to guide the design and evaluation of future transport investments. Moreover, studies looking at ways to improve the operational efficiency of systems and those seeking to promote behavioral changes in transport users offer great potential to generate learning that is useful for the public and private actors involved.

scholarly journals The Africa weather enterprise : filling a large gap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Copping
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
End User ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Warning Services

<p>The study focuses on the role of the private sector in the development and delivery of hydromet and early warning services (EWS) in sub-Saharan Africa, within the current landscape of the Africa Regional Weather Enterprise (ARWE).</p><p>The study was sponsored by the World Bank and conducted through interviews with 28 National Hydro­Meteorological Services (NMHS) and 87 participating companies who either work in or have interest in the region’s hydromet market, varying in size from single-person entities to large multinationals. Less than 4% of companies have their headquarters (and solely operate) in Africa. 157 projects were identified from the 65 most active donors financing hydromet projects in sub-Saharan Africa, and classified by sector and complexity, from niche to “full-chain” solutions.</p><p>The study analyses which and how private sector actors operate within the framework of national, regional and international hydromet projects, in which countries, which products and services they provide and in which end-user categories, from research and development, to innovation and capacity building initiatives.</p><p>The study further analyses the success rates of international companies winning tenders in sub-Saharan Africa , and the patterns leading to success.</p><p>The report concludes by drawing on lessons from the positive dynamics and gaps in partnerships and engagements between public and private actors. The results of the study create the need for sixteen recommendations to further improve the ARWE, with a key emphasis on PPE, to successfully complete African hydromet programs, and in turn satisfy end-user needs, to protect lives, property, and to support their national economies for the prosperity of all.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document