Project Summary 27th International Training Course on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials and Nuclear Facilities.

After the September 11th terrorist attacks, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material was revised, and many countries have enhanced their regulatory regimes about the management of sensitive information, especially in the physical protection system. Japan also amended the Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law in 2005 in step with this global movement. The major areas of this revision which are associated with sensitive information are as follows: formulation of the Design Basis Threat (DBT), introduction of inspection system of physical protection and obligation of confidentiality of the secret of physical protection. Through this amendment, the responsibilities of the national government and the utilities have been clarified. However, there is no prescription which ordains the role and responsibility of the local governments. In fact, the local governments receive various information from the utilities through the “Safety Agreements” which are concluded between the local governments and the utilities, and the Public Safety Commissions of prefectures are involved in the transportation of nuclear materials. Moreover, the Act on Special Measures concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness provides the engagement and the responsibility of the local governments in case of nuclear disaster. In addition, the Civil Protection Law also provides the formulation of local governments’ plans for a response to national emergencies including nuclear disaster which is caused by terrorist attacks. As described above, the local governments are in a position where they can or have to touch the sensitive information in a variety of ways. Originally, the local government employees have obligation of confidentiality by the Local Public Service Act. Thus, about the sensitive information, they have duty to keep secret. However, we are hard to say that there are complete systems to check this obligation, so we can point out that its effectiveness is doubtful. Especially, the sensitive information which is related to nuclear materials is vital for security of the nation as a whole. Under such awareness, we’re studying the change of the local governments’ way of the management of sensitive information accompanied by the strengthening of Japanese nuclear regulation, and the actual condition of it. Now, we interview some local governments’ departments in charge where nuclear facilities are located. In this paper, we discuss the actual condition and the problems around the local governments’ management of the sensitive information.

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THE IMPACT OF EGYPT'S ACCESSION TO THE CONVENTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL FOR THE NUCLEAR LEGISLATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

10.36106/paripex/9112267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155-163

Author(s):

Osama, M. Atout

Keyword(s):

Codes Of Conduct ◽

Nuclear Material ◽

Legal Framework ◽

International Terrorism ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Nuclear Materials ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Nuclear Program ◽

Physical Protection ◽

The Impact

The topic of the article relates to the legal framework for nuclear material security represented in the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, which provides for certain levels of physical protection during the international transfer of nuclear materials, and sets a general framework for cooperation between states in the field of protection, recovery, and return of stolen nuclear materials, in addition to that it aims to prevent and detect Addressing criminal and other unauthorized acts directed against nuclear or other radioactive materials and related facilities and activities and urges states parties to track them down and adopt a system for extradition or prosecution of criminals. This article aims to highlight the importance of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material in completing the legislative infrastructure of countries wishing to acquire a nuclear program, as it is one of the important legal tributaries to avoid the dangers resulting from the illicit trade in nuclear materials, their seizure, and their illegal use, sabotage or sabotage of nuclear facilities, Eliminate the threats posed by international terrorism and organized crime. The article also aims to shed light on the legal problems that hinder the achievement of the desired goals of the nuclear programs if the codes of conduct regarding the safety and security of radioactive sources are not followed, and that stem from the material protection Convention, and the case of illegal possession or use of radioactive material or a radioactive nuclear device, or assault Nuclear facilities and their harm. The article reviewed the need to complete the legal infrastructure necessary for the Egyptian nuclear program through Egypt's accession to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, so that through this, an integrated legal environment of services and support is available to ensure the preparation of the nuclear program to the fullest extent, raise its growth rates, and increase its efficiency, which leads To increase the chances of its success and its sustainability, by imposing prior protection on the prohibited activities, thus contributing to their elimination. The article presented the infrastructure of the Egyptian nuclear legislation, in particular the law on regulating nuclear and radiological activities and its implementing regulations, and the Egyptian system for accounting and control of nuclear materials to demonstrate the adequacy of these legislations to fully protect nuclear materials, and whether they cover important aspects related to supporting nuclear non-proliferation and combating terrorism. Strengthening the physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities for peaceful purposes. The conclusion of the article that Egypt's accession to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material will strengthen the infrastructure for nuclear legislation, and then strengthen and maintain the security of the Egyptian nuclear program, in addition to strengthening international cooperation in developing effective measures that guarantee the physical protection of nuclear materials. And nuclear facilities, without prejudice to national sovereignty or prejudice to the nuclear technology necessary for a peaceful nuclear program.

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An Overview of the Draft of ‘Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act’

Volume 1: Low/Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Management; Spent Fuel, Fissile Material, Transuranic and High-Level Radioactive Waste Management ◽

10.1115/icem2013-96250 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Lin ◽

Tai-Wei Lan ◽

Min-Tsang Chang ◽

Wuu-Kune Cheng

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Waste Management ◽

Public Involvement ◽

Nuclear Materials ◽

Regulatory Body ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Radioactive Waste Management ◽

Regulatory Capacity ◽

Concept Of Information ◽

The Impact

The “Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act” (NMRWMA) in Taiwan has been in use since 2002. To promote further administrative efficiency and improve regulatory capacity, an amendment of the act has been initiated by the Atomic Energy Council (AEC). It is now being reviewed by outside experts and related communities so as to include the best understanding of risk management factors. For the future decommissioning challenges of nuclear facilities, the act is also being amended to comply with the regulatory requirements of the decommissioning mandates. Currently the Taiwan government is conducting government reorganization, and AEC will be reformed but will remain as an independent regulatory body. AEC will then be capable of improving the regulatory capacity for facilitating licensing and inspection, ensuring operational safety, environmental protection and public involvement, and giving a more flexible administrative discretion, such as expending the margin of penalty. The amendment is also required to provide a formal legal basis for the Nuclear Backend Fund, and to mandate the waste producers to take responsibility for any final debt repayment. In addition, this amendment promotes measures to prevent accidents or emergencies concerning radioactive materials and facilities and procedures to reduce the impact and effect of any unexpected events. Furthermore, this amendment intends to implement the concept of information transparency and public participation so as to meet the public needs. Finally, radioactive waste final disposal tasks have to be completed by waste producers under the supervision of the AEC.

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