An extraction of the parton distributions of the proton by a next-to-leading order QCD fit in the framework of the Standard Model is presented. The fit implements a novel decomposition of the quark species into up- and down-type quark distributions, which is the key to enable a determination of flavor separated parton distributions from a single experiment. The fit is performed on the inclusive unpolarized neutral and charged current cross-section measurements by the H1 collaboration at HERA. The discussion of uncertainties of parton distribution functions is based upon but extends the QCD analysis published together with the H1 data.