scholarly journals An Analysis of the Relationship between Casualty Risk Per Crash and Vehicle Mass and Footprint for Model Year 2000-2007 Light-Duty Vehicles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Mass ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Model Year ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Relationship

Low Emissions Combustion for the Regenerative Gas Turbine: Part 2—Experimental Techniques, Results, and Assessment

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Azelborn ◽  
W. R. Wade ◽  
J. R. Secord ◽  
A. F. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogeneous Combustion ◽  
Model Year ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Geometry Test

This second part, of a two part paper, describes an experimental program to demonstrate the low emissions turbine combustor concept developed in Part 1. The paper discusses the combustor test rigs and instrumentation used as well as the experimental combustor hardware. A summary of the lean homogeneous combustion concept is presented along with a brief discussion of the requirement for variable combustor geometry. Test data are presented comparing the emissions from the experimental combustor with those from a conventional can-type combustor. These results show that, over a wide range of engine conditions, the steady-state emissions of NOx, CO, and UHC are below the numerical levels specified in the Federal standards applicable to 1976 and subsequent model year light duty vehicles. The results are related to theoretical calculations and an assessment of progress and remaining problems is made.

Potential Coverage of Alternative Fuel Industries under EPACT Section 501

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
P. S. Hu ◽  
M. Q. Wang ◽  
A. Vyas ◽  
M. Mintz ◽  
S. C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Electric Utilities ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Energy Policy Act ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Year 2000

The Energy Policy Act (EPACT) has the goal of replacing 10 percent of transportation petroleum fuel with alternative fuels and replacement fuels by the year 2000 and 30 percent by 2010. Sections 501 and 507 of EPACT mandate use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in fleet applications. In particular, Section 501 requires that certain percentages of new light-duty vehicles (LDVs) acquired by alternative fuel providers be AFVs. The first step in estimating the effects of these mandates entails identifying affected fleets that are covered by the act. An assessment of potential fleet coverage of Section 501 is presented. This assessment concludes that a limited number of companies in the methanol, ethanol, propane, and hydrogen industries are likely to be covered by this mandate. On the other hand, many of the large crude-oil producers, petroleum refiners, natural-gas producers and transporters, and natural gas and electric utilities are likely to be subject to this mandate.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation Methodology to Assess the Impact of Ambient Wind on Emissions from a Light-Commercial Vehicle Running on the Worldwide-Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Alexandros T. Zachiotis ◽  
Evangelos G. Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

A Monte Carlo simulation methodology is suggested in order to assess the impact of ambient wind on a vehicle’s performance and emissions. A large number of random wind profiles is generated by implementing the Weibull and uniform statistical distributions for wind speed and direction, respectively. Wind speed data are drawn from eight cities across Europe. The vehicle considered is a diesel-powered, turbocharged, light-commercial vehicle and the baseline trip is the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicles WLTC cycle. A detailed engine-mapping approach is used as the basis for the results, complemented with experimentally derived correction coefficients to account for engine transients. The properties of interest are (engine-out) NO and soot emissions, as well as fuel and energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Results from this study show that there is an aggregate increase in all properties, vis-à-vis the reference case (i.e., zero wind), if ambient wind is to be accounted for in road load calculation. Mean wind speeds for the different sites examined range from 14.6 km/h to 24.2 km/h. The average increase in the properties studied, across all sites, ranges from 0.22% up to 2.52% depending on the trip and the property (CO2, soot, NO, energy consumption) examined. Based on individual trip assessment, it was found that especially at high vehicle speeds where wind drag becomes the major road load force, CO2 emissions may increase by 28%, NO emissions by 22%, and soot emissions by 13% in the presence of strong headwinds. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the adverse effect of headwinds far exceeds the positive effect of tailwinds, thus explaining the overall increase in fuel/energy consumption as well as emissions, while also highlighting the shortcomings of the current certification procedure, which neglects ambient wind effects.

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 emitted from China IV and China V light-duty vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 147101
Author(s):  
Yanzhao Hao ◽  
Shunxi Deng ◽  
Zhaowen Qiu ◽  
Zhenzhen Lu ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Revised Method for Calculating Departure Sight Distance at Two-Way Stop-Controlled (TWSC) Intersections

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110315
Author(s):  
Essam Dabbour ◽  
Said M. Easa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
System Data ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

This paper introduces realistic acceleration profiles for light-duty vehicles departing from rest at two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections where minor roads (controlled by stop signs) intersect with uncontrolled major roads. The new profiles are based on current vehicle characteristics and driver behavior patterns. They are established based on actual field data collected using global positioning system data loggers that recorded the positional and speed data of various experimental vehicles starting from rest at TWSC intersections. Acceleration profiles are established in this paper and are used to develop a revised method for calculating the departure sight distance at TWSC intersections. Design tables were created to provide realistic sight distance values at TWSC intersections for different design speeds and number of lanes on the major road. It was found that the current values of intersection sight distance suggested by the design guides may be inadequate. Such values may force some approaching drivers on the major road to reduce their speeds or move to different traffic lanes to avoid conflicting with the departing vehicles. These maneuvers may have negative impacts on traffic safety. Therefore, implementing the revised method for calculating intersection sight distance, as presented in this paper, may ultimately reduce traffic collisions at TWSC intersections.

scholarly journals Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 762-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Gao ◽  
Scott J. Curran ◽  
James E. Parks ◽  
David E. Smith ◽  
Robert M. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles
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