scholarly journals Evaluation of safety assessment methodologies in Rocky Flats Risk Assessment Guide (1985) and Building 707 Final Safety Analysis Report (1987)

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Walsh ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
G. Zigler ◽  
R.A. Clark
2020 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ciszewski ◽  
Waldemar Nowakowski ◽  
Zbigniew Łukasik

Railway traffic control and signaling systems are safety-related, and thus it is crucial to provide them with an appropriate level of safety. Technological development has led to an increase in the functionality and reliability of these systems, taking into account the high safety requirements. Therefore, the operations involving the design, construction, and maintenance of railway traffic control and signaling systems should include a safety analysis. The safety analysis of railway traffic and signaling systems assumes that a primary event may cause a series of intermediate events, which then may lead to a disaster causing significant material losses and fatalities. Due to the random nature of the occurrences of the adverse events (failures, human errors), the probabilistic methods are often used to estimate risk. One of the risk assessment methods is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The authors of the paper conducted a qualitative safety analysis of level crossing protection systems using the FTA method. The requirements for the level crossing protection system were described, which we then used to write out FTA diagrams. The specific technical and quality requirements for railway traffic control and signaling systems result from the need to ensure a high safety level. Risk assessment is a required step in the evaluation of the safety and reliability of these systems. The authors of the paper applied the FTA method to the safety assessment of the level crossing protection system. The obtained results should be helpful in the process of design new railway traffic control and signaling systems. Systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym są systemami związanymi z bezpieczeństwem, a tym samym bardzo ważnym aspektem jest dążenie do zapewnienia przez nie odpowiednie-go poziomu bezpieczeństwa. Wraz z rozwojem technologicznym następował wzrost funkcjonalności i niezawodności tych systemów, przy uwzględnieniu wysokich wymagań w odniesieniu do bezpieczeństwa. Dlatego też, działania polegające na projektowaniu, konstruowaniu i utrzymaniu systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym powinny uwzględniać analizę bezpieczeństwa. W takiej analizie zakłada się, że zdarzenie pierwotne może wywołać ciąg zdarzeń wtórnych, które następnie mogą doprowadzić do katastrofy, niosącej ze sobą duże straty materialne i śmierć ludzi. Ze względu na losowy charakter występowania zdarzeń niepożądanych (uszkodzenie, błąd ludzki), często przy szacowaniu ryzyka wykorzystuje się w opis probabilistyczny. Jedną z metod szacowania ryzyka jest metoda FTA (Fault Tree Analysis). Autorzy artykuły przy wykorzystaniu metody FTA przeprowadzili analizę jakościową bezpieczeństwa przejazdów kolejowych wyposażonych w systemy zabezpieczenia. Opisano wymagania dla systemu zabezpieczenia przejazdu, które następnie posłużyły do zbudowania drzew FTA. Specyficzne wymagania techniczne i jakościowe dla systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym wynikają z konieczności zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa. W celu oceny bezpieczeństwa i niezawodności tych systemów, musimy podejmować działania w zakresie oceny ryzyka. Autorzy publikacji zastosowali metodę FTA do oceny bezpieczeństwa systemu zabezpieczenia przejazdu. Uzyskane wyniki mogą być pomocne w procesie konstruowania nowych systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym. null


Author(s):  
Timo Malm ◽  
Tapio Heikkilä ◽  
Jari M. Ahola

The needs for using robots to assist human workers in accomplishing heavy tasks in a variety of industries are increasing. Almost by default this implies sharing the work space between robots and human operators. As a consequence, safety issues must be carefully taken into account. We have implemented a pilot system based on a standard industrial robot (KUKA KR120 R2500) for interactive handling of heavy and/or large parts and loads. Here we report the safety analysis and risk assessment of such a system following the harmonized robot standards (ISO 10218-1 & -2), including Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Use Case Safety Analysis (UCSA) and analysis of system functions and communications.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Fabio Sabetta

In this paper, the main features of the policies adopted in Italy for seismic risk reduction are discussed. Particular attention is given to the Pre-disaster prevention activities such as the implementation of the building code, the seismic risk assessment for a priority scale of intervention, tax incentives and public funding for the vulnerability reduction of the existing buildings, information to population and school education, technical training of experts. The phases of response and post-disaster activities, including emergency management, search and rescue, loss scenarios, and safety assessment of buildings, are also discussed taking example from the most recent devastating earthquakes in Italy (L.Aquila 2009, Amatrice 2016).


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20S-33S
Author(s):  
Christina L. Burnett ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
Daniel C. Liebler ◽  
...  

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of the mixture Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI), which functions as a preservative in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment, and data from the previously published safety assessment of this mixture, and concluded that MCI/MI is safe in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing, based on the results of a quantitative risk assessment or similar methodology; however, at no point should concentrations exceed 7.5 ppm in leave-on products or 15 ppm in rinse-off products.


Author(s):  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Jinfen Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares

Concerns have been raised to navigational safety worldwide because of the increasing throughput and the passing ships during the past decades while maritime accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires have occurred, causing serious consequences. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been acknowledged to be a framework widely used in maritime risk assessment. Under this framework, this paper discusses certain existing challenges when an effective safety assessment is carried out under a variety of uncertainties. Some theories and methodologies are proposed to overcome the present challenges, e.g., Fault/Event Tree Analysis (FTA/ETA), Evidential Reasoning (ER), Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Belief Rule Base (BRB). Subsequently, three typical case studies that have been carried out in the Yangtze River are introduced to illustrate the general application of those approaches. These examples aim to demonstrate how advanced methodologies can facilitate navigational risk assessment under high uncertainties.


Author(s):  
Yong Qin ◽  
Shan Yu ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Limin Jia ◽  
Xiaoqing Cheng

Facing the important issues of safety analysis and assessment for the train service state, an online quantified safety assessment method based on the safety region estimation and hybrid intelligence technologies was proposed in this paper. First, the previous researches on the safety analysis and assessment were briefly reviewed for the train itself and its key equipment, and the existential problems were further pointed out. Then, using the safety monitoring data and the safety region estimation theory, a new online safety assessment method with data-driven was put forward, which was followed by a detailed description of the concrete implementation steps including the EMD (Local Mean Decomposition) and EM (Energy Moment) based safety risk evaluation index selection, Interval Type 2 Fuzzy C-Means (IT2FCM) clustering based safety region boundary calculation modeling and safety risk grading. Finally, in order to verify its performance through experiments, the above method was applied in analyzing and evaluating service states of the rolling bearings, the key equipment of the train, on the basis of mass field data. The experimental results indicate that this method is valid.


Author(s):  
Camilla Alexander-White ◽  
Dagmar Bury ◽  
Mark Cronin ◽  
Matthew Dent ◽  
Eric Hack ◽  
...  

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