scholarly journals SCREENING OF RESISTANT BACTERIA FROM HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS WITH AN IMPACT ON THE NATURAL AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Alexandra Vaideanu ◽  
◽  
Dragos Mihai Radulescu ◽  
Alina Roxana Banciu ◽  
Mihai Nita-Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Effluents

scholarly journals Distribution of the Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Bacteria Belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae Family in the System Human-Aquatic Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
M. V. Savenko ◽  
◽  
M. V. Kryvtsova ◽  
Ye. Ya. Kostenko ◽  
Ye. M. Anisimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The rapid development of resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genetic determinants of resistance in the environment. It has led to the emergence of a new threat to human health, the precondition of which is the entry of resistance genes to the human body through the food chain. Modern systems of treatment plants are not capable of complete purification of water from genetic determinants, the largest source of which is known to be hospital effluents and domestic wastewater. In the context of this problem, the study of the influence of ecological resist on the development of antibiotic resistance in the human body becomes very important. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between the migration of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose, a number of microbiological studies were performed, which included the isolation of microbial isolates from water samples of the Uzh River (Ukraine), surface waters of which are a source of drinking and domestic water supply, and clinical samples from the oral cavity of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Identified isolates were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups. Results and discussion. During the research experiment, bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from the oral cavity of 64 patients with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues, the species diversity of which was represented by the following species: Escherihia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella rhinoskleromatis, Hafnia alvei. According to the study, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from water samples showed significant resistance to antibiotics of natural origin, such as tetracycline, amipicillin and gentamicin, as well as to beta-lactams and second-generation macrolides. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the samples of water and oral cavity were dominated by the same spectrum of gram-negative microorganisms belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Escherichia and characterized by a high degree of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides and unprotected beta-lactam antibiotics. The formation of such an antibiotic resistance in ecological and clinical samples may indicate probable migration routes of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and genetic determinants of stability in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. There is a need for further research to study the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment and the development of appropriate regulations governing the conduct of sanitary and epidemiological control over the spread of microorganisms with multiple resistance in the environment

Role of Hospital Effluents in the Contribution of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria to the Aquatic Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Amin U. Khan ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Zahid Ali Butt ◽  
Muhammad Farhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hospital Effluents

scholarly journals Characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from wastewater of an Algerian hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Anssour ◽  
Yamina Messai ◽  
Vanesa Estepa ◽  
Carmen Torres ◽  
Rabah Bakour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Sequence Types

Introduction: Hospital effluents are a source of environmental pollution by drugs, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes. Quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, are commonly detected in these effluents, contributing to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluents. Methodology: Isolates were selected on Tergitol-7 agar supplemented with ciprofloxacin and genotyped by ERIC-PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method. Resistance genes, integrons, phylogenetic groups, and sequence types were identified by PCR and sequencing. Results: A total of 17 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were characterized: Escherichia coli, Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter koseri/farmeri. Isolates presented concomitant resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin. A diversity in mutation patterns in gyrA and parC genes and new amino-acid substitutions in GyrA subunit were observed. Quinolone plasmidic resistance genes qnrB1, qnrB2, qnrB5/19, qnrS1, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr were detected. Resistance to other antibiotic classes was observed. Class 1 integrons and resistance genes blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, aadA1/2, aadA5, aph(3’)-Ia, aac(3)II, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, and dfrA12 were detected. Bacterial tolerance to cadmium, zinc, and mercury was observed with the presence of the merA gene. E. coli isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D and to sequence types ST405, ST443, ST101, ST10, and ST347. Conclusions: This study highlighted bacterial multidrug resistance linked to ciprofloxacin and, consequently, the risk of bacterial exposure to this antibiotic.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug-resistance Bacteria Isolated of Drinking Water, Groundwater and Hospital Wastewater in Southern Benin: Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Resistomes Determination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hornel Koudokpon ◽  
Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Christelle Lougbegnon ◽  
Alidehou Jerrold Agbankpe ◽  
Gérardine Avodagbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
French Society ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Southern Benin

Abstract Background: The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria, especially through the aquatic ecosystem, which is made up of liquid hospital effluents, rivers, but also spring water and drinking water. This study aims to determinate resistomes in some aquatic matrices in southern Benin.Methods: These samples were filtered through a membrane 0.22 µm thick. After filtration, the membrane was deposited on Muëller Hinton agar. Then the colonies resulting from this subculture were subjected to a microbiological examination by the conventional method. The antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by the Kirby Bauer method according to the recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology. Resistance genes were looked for by standard PCR and the PCR products were used for agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: Of the 222 water samples collected, 265 bacterial strains were isolated, the majority of which were strains of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) with 37.74% (n = 100), followed by strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.89%; n = 58), Escherichia coli (10.57%; n = 28). All isolated gram-negative bacilli strains are multidrug resistant with resistance of all strains to amoxicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Of the 15 resistance genes sought in the genome of Gram-negative bacilli strains, only 8 were detected, namely the TEM, SHV, CTX-M15, VIM, NDM, SUL1, SUL2 and AADA genes. Strong resistance of CNS strains to amoxicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin was observed. The Mec A gene was detected in all CNS strains. While the Van A and Van B genes were only detected in strains isolated from drinking water in sachets collected from producers and street sellers.Conclusion: These results show the dissemination of resistance genes in the aquatic ecosystem of Benin and once again confirms the urgency of a global fight against antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Detection and Real-time PCR Assay for the Quantification of Carbapenemase Gene blablaNDM-1 in Hospital Effluent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Divyashree ◽  
Madhu K. Mani ◽  
Shama Prakash K
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Relative Copy Number ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene

This study aims to isolate gram-negative bacteria (GNB) harboring the gene NDM-1 from the tertiary care hospital effluents. Also, aims to evaluate the relative copy number of blaNDM-1 carried by the positive isolates. The study isolated 215 GNB from 40 effluent samples. The antibiotic susceptibility tests for carbapenems were performed using disc diffusion assay. The isolates resistant to either meropenem or imipenem were checked for the existence of MBL by phenotypic methods. The isolates carrying NDM-1 gene were genotypically confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The gene copy number of blaNDM- were determined by quantative real-time PCR. A total of 22 isolates showed phenotypic resistance to carbapenems and were characterized by biochemical methods. Among them, 12 harbored NDM-1 gene by PCR; these bacteria were subjected to qPCR for determining the absolute copy numbers of the NDM-1 gene on it. The gene abundance in the strains was in the range of 3.28× 105 to 6.05× 106 copies/ ng of DNA. Hospital effluents are important pool of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harboring the blaNDM-1 and infections caused by these bacteria are difficult to treat. Hence, the present study stresses the need for stringent antibiotic use and efficient wastewater treatment policies in these hospital settings, which is paramount in achieving sustainable health.

scholarly journals Plasmid Profiling of Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated From Hospital Effluents Discharged Into Nworie River Imo State

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Plasmid Profiling

The emergence of multiple antibiotics resistant in bacteria and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination of resistant pathogen in the environment. Hospital effluents are potential sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which if released into the rivers leads to the contamination of the water by the resistant strains which are potential threat to human health as they might have direct access to man or transported from sea animals to man through food. Plasmids are major mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistant gene in bacteria population. Plasmid profiling is one of the methods used to determine and characterize antibiotic resistance traits in bacteria. In this study, Samples were collected using sterile sample bottles at three different locations of Nworie River (Two Federal Medical Center and the third behind Umezuruike hospital) in Imo State. A total of eighteen isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility. The isolates were tested against ten (10) different antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Eight (8) isolates were found to be resistant to at least five antibiotics. While the plasmid DNA were extracted using the TENS extraction method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Four of the resistant strains had plasmid DNA.

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