scholarly journals Comparison of the treatment performance of a high rate algal pond and a facultative waste stabilisation pond operating in rural South Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Buchanan ◽  
Paul Young ◽  
Nancy J. Cromar ◽  
Howard J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
N Removal

Abstract South Australian community wastewater management schemes (CWMS) treat wastewater using waste stabilisation ponds before disposal or reuse. This study compared the performance of a facultative pond, 6,300 m2, 27.5 d theoretical hydraulic retention time (THRT), with a high rate algal pond (HRAP) operated at depths of 0.32, 0.43 and 0.55 m with THRT equivalent to 4.5, 6.4 and 9.1 d respectively. Both ponds received influents of identical quality, differing only in quantity, and were operated in similar climatic conditions. The depth of HRAP operation had only a minor influence on treatment performance. The study showed that the quality of the treated effluent from the HRAP was equivalent to that of the facultative pond, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand removal >89%, NH4-N removal 59.09–74.45%. Significantly, Escherichia coli log10 reduction values by the HRAP, 1.74–2.10, were equivalent to those of the facultative pond. Consequently, HRAPs could replace facultative ponds within CWMS while maintaining treated effluent quality. The benefit would be halving the surface area requirement from 4.2 m2 capita−1 for the facultative pond to between 2.0 and 2.3 m2 capita−1, depth dependent, for an HRAP, with significant attendant reductions in the capital costs for construction.

scholarly journals Performance of a French system of vertical flow wetlands (first stage) operating with an extended feeding cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Maria Trein ◽  
Jorge Alejandro García Zumalacarregui ◽  
Mirene Augusta de Andrade Moraes ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Intensive Monitoring ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Deposit Layer

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the treatment performance in the first stage of a vertical flow constructed wetland – French system (VCW-FS) over an extended feeding period (seven days), in two parallel units, for a population equivalent (p.e.) around 100 inhabitants (total of 0.6 m²·p.e.−1), under Brazilian tropical climatic conditions. One of the units had a greater surface sludge deposit layer, accumulated over nine years of operation, while the other unit had its sludge removed prior to the experiments. Four intensive monitoring campaigns covering all days of the feeding cycle were undertaken and the results were compared with those obtained from the conventional monitoring. The results indicated that, over the days of the feeding cycle, dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased, but were still kept at sufficiently high values for the removal of organic matter. Therefore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, although not high, remained acceptable for compliance with local discharge standards during the whole the period. The NH4+-N removal efficiency and NO3−-N production were higher at the beginning of the feeding cycle, as a result of the more well-established aerobic conditions, with the nitrification rate decreasing from the third day of feeding. The sludge deposit seemed to hinder liquid percolation, especially at the end of the feeding cycle, thus affecting oxygen transfer. Due to the variability of the results over the feeding cycle, if sampling is to be done once a week, it is important to identify the sampling day that best represents the system's performance.

Sustainable wastewater management technology for tourism in Thailand: case and experimental studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1984
Author(s):  
W. Liamlaem ◽  
L. Benjawan ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Thailand has adopted the concept of eco-tourism as a protocol to protect environmental resources. One of the key factors in enabling the achievement of this goal is the improvement of the quality of effluent from those homestays and resorts which still lack efficient on-site wastewater treatment. This research utilized case studies of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), planted mainly with the Indian shot (Canna indica L.), which were designed to treat wastewaters at three resorts located in Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province in central Thailand. The results showed that the treated effluent was of sufficient quality to meet the building effluent standards Type C, which require the concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and suspended solids (SS) to be less than 40, 40 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the first-order kinetic constants for the design and operation of SFCWs were determined. For treating wastewater containing organic substances, with no prior pre-treatment, the first-order kinetic constant of 0.24 1/d can be applied to predict effluent quality. For treating other types of domestic wastewater, a first-order kinetic constant in the range 0.40–0.45 1/d can be used when sizing and operating SFCWs. This research highlights the great potential of SFCWs as a sustainable wastewater management technology.

Seasonal variation of microbial community for the treatment of tail water in constructed wetland

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2434-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liang ◽  
Yanran Dai ◽  
Feihua Wang ◽  
Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tail Water ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Effects of seasons and hydraulic loading rates (HLR) on the treatment performance and the response of the microbial community of vertical flow constructed wetland treating tail water were investigated. The seasonal treatment performance was evaluated at four HLR of 125, 250, 375 and 500 mm/d, respectively. The microbial community was detected by MiSeq Illumina platform at HLR 125 and 375 mm/d. The wetland showed significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) at HLR 125 mm/d, compared with other HLR. Overall removal efficiency was 61.47%, 71.40% and 76.31% for COD, TN and TP, respectively, while no significant differences for COD, TN and TP removal were found at HLR of 250, 375 and 500 mm/d. The best removal efficiency for COD and TN was achieved in summer and autumn, while the best TP removal was achieved in winter. Nitrification bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira) were significantly higher in HLR 125 mm/d, whereas sequences associated with denitrification had no significant difference at the two HLR. The results can partially explain the significantly higher NH4+-N removal in HLR 125 mm/d and relatively low nitrogen performance in winter.

scholarly journals Energy efficient treatment of A-stage effluent: pilot-scale experiences with shortcut nitrogen removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2150-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Seuntjens ◽  
B. L. M. Bundervoet ◽  
H. Mollen ◽  
C. De Mulder ◽  
E. Wypkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
N Removal

Energy autarky of sewage treatment plants, while reaching chemical oxygen demand (COD) and N discharge limits, can be achieved by means of shortcut N-removal. This study presents the results of a shortcut N-removal pilot, located at the biological two-‘stage (high/low rate) wastewater treatment plant of Breda, The Netherlands. The pilot treated real effluent of a high-rate activated sludge (COD/N = 3), fed in a continuous mode at realistic loading rates (90–100 g N/(m3·d)). The operational strategy, which included increased stress on the sludge settling velocity, showed development of a semi-granular sludge, with average particle size of 280 μm (ø4,3), resulting in increased suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The process was able to remove part of the nitrogen (51 ± 23%) over nitrite, with COD/N removal ratios of 3.2 ± 0.9. The latter are lower than the current operation of the full-scale B-stage in Breda (6.8–9.4), showing promising results for carbon-efficient N-removal, while producing a well settling sludge (SVI30 < 100 mL/g).

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of anoxic–oxic–anoxic processes in illuminated biofilm reactor (AOA-IBR) treating septic tank effluent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-884
Author(s):  
Sittikorn Kamngam ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Nawatch Surinkul ◽  
Chawalit Chaiwong ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment performance of the anoxic–oxic–anoxic processes in illuminated biofilm reactor (AOA-IBR) in removing organics and nitrogen contained in septic tank effluent. The 27 L of the AOA-IBR was illuminated with red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps (peak wavelength of 635 nm, intensity of 100 μmol/(m2s)). Three types of biofilm media, namely ball ring®, plastic sheets and zeolite beads, were placed in the anoxic, oxic and anoxic zones, respectively, of the reactor to support the growth of microalgal–bacterial biofilm. The AOA-IBR was continuously fed with septic tank effluent and operated at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24, 48 and 72 h. The experimental results found the increases in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal efficiencies with increasing HRTs in which the HRT of 72 h resulted in 78.6, 72.8 and 90.6% removals of COD, TN and NH4-N, respectively. The effluent quality of the AOA-IBR could meet the ISO 30500 effluent standards for Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems. The predominant microalgal biofilm species was observed to be Oscillatoria sp., while Proteobacteria was the predominant bacterial phylum found in the biofilm growing in the reactor. The above results suggested the applicability of the AOA-IBR in improving septic tank treatment performance which should result in better water pollution control.

Performance of a pilot-scale high rate algal pond system treating abattoir wastewater in rural South Australia: nitrification and denitrification

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Evans ◽  
N.J. Cromar ◽  
H.J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
The Impact

As part of a study examining the efficacy of high-rate algal pond treatment of high-strength abattoir wastewater, the impact of pond configuration and loading rate on nitrification was determined. The extent of nitrification in all ponds was consistent with mass balance estimates of oxygen demand and availability. Deeper ponds were more stable nitrifying systems, with shallow ponds displaying greater variation in response to changes in nitrogen loading. In a separate experiment the pond system was modified by covering a part of an in-series HRAP to exclude light, providing conditions suitable for denitrification. Specific denitrification rates were often within the range typical for endogenous carbon sources, with mass balance calculations indicating removals of up to 95%.

scholarly journals Effect of Climatic Conditions on Treatment Efficiency of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds at Chokera, Faisalabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Hafiz Qasim Ali ◽  
Amir Farooq ◽  
Amir Farooq ◽  
Mohammad Laeeque Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Population Mixing ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Wastewater management is one of the biggest challenges in the world due to increase in population and industrialization. In Faisalabad (FSD), wastewater treatment is being done through Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) at Chokera, which is one of the most economical methods of Wastewater Treatment (WWT). Various parameters were examined to check wastewater treatment efficiency of the ponds under diverse climatic conditions. These included Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity, Copper, Total Solids (TS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Lead. Six locations which were selected for monitoring treatment efficiency, included inlet and outlet of treatment plant, influent of anaerobic ponds, effluent of anaerobic ponds, effluent of facultative ponds, and Pharang drain before and after blending with treated sewage. The testing was performed in two seasons (i.e. Winter 2015 and Summer 2016) in Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Lahore, Pakistan. BOD5 removal efficiency of the treatment plant was found 30.08% in winter and 51.74% in summer against designed value of 90% removal. Most of the parameters of the effluent were not meeting the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS). The reasons of low efficiency are; variation in climatic conditions (i.e. less solar heat intensity, wind speed and ceased microbial activity in winter), lack of funds by government, increased population, mixing of industrial sewage with domestic sewage and less attention being paid to maintain the performance of Ponds. The study was carried out to assess and compare the efficiency of treatment plant with PEQS in two climatic conditions.

Sewage Treatment by Waste Stabilization Pond Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
J. Kenneth, R. S. Suglo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Sewage generated in Ghana is commonly discharged into the environment without any form of treatment to reduce the degree ofcontamination and mitigate potential public health and environmental issues. Although some attempts have been made in someparts of Ghana to utilize the waste stabilization pond (WSP) system to treat domestic sewage, the ponds often fail to achievetheir purpose due to lack of basic maintenance and supervision. To assess the utility of the WSP system for treating sewage,wastewater samples were collected from the raw sewage, anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds of WSPs at Obuasi inGhana, and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological contaminants. The results show that the final pond effluent meetsrecommended microbiological and chemical quality guidelines. The waste stabilization pond system demonstrates high removalefficiencies of wastewater contaminants. The biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nitrate and faecal coliformsreduction efficiencies of 97.3%, 97.6%, 83.3% and 99.94% respectively are highly significant, and compare well with reportedremoval efficiencies in the literature. Additionally, the ponds have high reduction efficiencies for heavy metals and pathogenicmicroorganisms. The wastewater treatment system complies with standard wastewater management practices, and provides auseful method for treating and disposing wastewater in Ghana.

scholarly journals Digestate Liquid Fraction Treatment with Filters Filled with Recovery Materials

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
N Removal

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a green technology for digestate liquid fraction (DLF) treatment. However, previous research has warned about their performance when treating wastewater with high suspended solid and organic loads. In addition, the high NH4-N concentration typical of this wastewater can compromise vegetation establishment and activity. In view of this, a digestate pretreatment is needed. This study aimed to test the performance of filters filled with recovery materials, such as brick and refractory material, for DLF pretreatment. The effect on DLF physical (electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) and chemical (total nitrogen, ammonia–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) characteristics was monitored during eight weekly cycles. The effect of filtration on total nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen removal began after about one month of loading, suggesting that an activation period is necessary for bacteria. For effective N removal, the presence of multiple digestate recirculations per day through the filters appears mandatory to guarantee the alternation of nitrification and denitrification conditions. For P removal, filling material particle size appeared to be more important than its composition. Unclear performances were observed considering chemical oxygen demand. Further studies on filling media and microbial community interactions, and the long-term efficiency of filters, are desirable.

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