Sustainable wastewater management technology for tourism in Thailand: case and experimental studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1984
Author(s):  
W. Liamlaem ◽  
L. Benjawan ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Thailand has adopted the concept of eco-tourism as a protocol to protect environmental resources. One of the key factors in enabling the achievement of this goal is the improvement of the quality of effluent from those homestays and resorts which still lack efficient on-site wastewater treatment. This research utilized case studies of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), planted mainly with the Indian shot (Canna indica L.), which were designed to treat wastewaters at three resorts located in Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province in central Thailand. The results showed that the treated effluent was of sufficient quality to meet the building effluent standards Type C, which require the concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and suspended solids (SS) to be less than 40, 40 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the first-order kinetic constants for the design and operation of SFCWs were determined. For treating wastewater containing organic substances, with no prior pre-treatment, the first-order kinetic constant of 0.24 1/d can be applied to predict effluent quality. For treating other types of domestic wastewater, a first-order kinetic constant in the range 0.40–0.45 1/d can be used when sizing and operating SFCWs. This research highlights the great potential of SFCWs as a sustainable wastewater management technology.

scholarly journals Ozone Application for Tofu Waste Water Treatment and Its Utilisation for Growth Medium of Microalgae Spirulina sp

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
First Order ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Tofu industries produce waste water containing high organic contents and suspendid solid which is harmful if directly discharged to the environment. This waste can lead to disruption of water quality and lowering the environmental carrying capacity of waters around the tofu industries. Besides, the tofu waste water still contains high nitrogen contents which can be used for microalgae growth. This study was aimed to reduce the pollution load (chemical oxygen demand-COD) of tofue wastewater by using ozone treatments and to utilize nutrients in treated tofu waste water as medium growth of microalgae. The result showed that the reduction of COD by implementation of ozone treatment followed first order kinetic. Under variation of waste concentrations between 10-40%, the degradation rate constant was in the range of 0.00237-0.0149 min-1. The microalgae was able to grow in the tofue waste medium by the growth rate constants of 0.15-0.29 day-1. This study concluded that tofu waste was highly potent for microalgae growth.

Comparison of the biodegradability of the grey fraction of municipal solid waste of Barcelona in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mace ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
F. Cecchi ◽  
J. Mata-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
First Order ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Constant Operation ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions

The results of the start-up of two digesters in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, together with its steady results at several organic loading rates are described. A kinetic study is also carried out which allows one to estimate the ultimate methane production, together with the first-order kinetic constant. Operation at thermophilic temperature yields better results as it allows a more loaded reactor and the methane production is slightly higher.

The Influence of Boria and EDTA on the Hydrodesulfurization Activity on CoMoS Supported Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matin Parvari ◽  
Peyman Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Hydrodesulfurization Activity

The hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (HDS of DBT) in a high pressure batch reactor at 320°C was carried out over CoMo/Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts with different B2O3 contents (4, 10, and 16 wt%). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with different EDTA/Co mole ratios (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8) was used as a chelating ligand during the preparation of CoMo/Al2O3-B2O3. XRD studies, FTIR, TPD of NH3, and BET experiments were used to investigate the catalyst samples. The results showed that the catalyst using the support with 4 wt% B2O3 and an EDTA/Co mole ratio of 1.2 had a hydrodesulfurization activity (in pseudo first order kinetic constant basis) value of ~2.96 times higher than that of the simple CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst.

Mathematical modeling and simulation of hexane degradation in fungal and bacterial biofilters: effective diffusivity and partition aspectsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Arriaga ◽  
Sergio Revah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
First Order ◽  
Superficial Area

Mathematical modeling in the biofiltration of volatile organic compounds is a valuable tool for performance prediction and in scaling up. Majority of the published models include parameters obtained from fitting experimental data, thus masking their real influence as they are lumped generally. The present work aims to evaluate experimentally some of the most relevant parameters including kinetic constant, partition coefficient in the biofilm, biofilm thickness, superficial area, and effective diffusivity. For the fungal biofilm, all the parameters mentioned above were obtained experimentally; and for the bacterial biofilm, the biofilm thickness and some intrinsic parameters used to obtain the first-order kinetic constant were taken from the literature. These parameters were then incorporated in a mathematical model to describe the steady-state degradation of hexane in bacterial and fungal biofilters operating under continuous mode. Experimentally, the dimensionless partition coefficients (mG) indicated that hexane was 4 and 35 times more soluble in the bacterial (mG = 9.14) and fungal (mG = 0.88) biofilters, respectively, than in water (mG = 30.4). Comparison of model estimates with experimental concentration profiles of the pollutant along the height of the biofilters proves that the first-order limited by reaction model was appropriate to interpret the experimental results with a small error of ∼1%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acidogenic sludge from anaerobic reactors running at low solids retention times to reduce sludge generation and enhance biogas production

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilza Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Ysa Helena Diniz Morais de Luna ◽  
Jose Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Wilton Silva Lopes ◽  
Valderi Duarte Leite
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT   Sludges generated in the biological processing of sewage are complex mixtures, the constituents of which pose risks to public health and the environment. Anaerobic digestion is considered the most sustainable option for treating sludge because it offers the possibility of generating biogas. The aim of this study was to compare the quantities, properties, biodegradabilities and biochemical methane potentials (BMP) of primary sludge (PS) generated by a primary decanter with acidogenic sludges produced by upflow anaerobic (UA) reactors operating at solids retention times (SRTs) of 2, 4, 6 and 8 days (Samples S2, S4, S6 and S8, respectively). Sludges from both pre-treatments were submitted to alkaline solubilization in order to determine the efficiency of the process in disrupting extracellular complexes. Based on the levels of total solids (TS) present, the primary decanter was found to generate higher quantities of excess sludge (yield of 3.1 gTS∙d-1) than UA reactors operating at low SRTs (yields in the range 1.69 to 0.64 gTS∙d-1). The concentrations of dissolved materials in PS and Samples S2 and S8 were considerably higher after alkaline solubilization, with respective increases of 8, 14 and 28-fold in dissolved organic carbon, 12, 20 and 40-fold in chemical oxygen demand, 25, 31 and 59-fold in proteins, and 17, 21 and 63-fold in carbohydrates. In addition, the BMP value for S8 was some 13% higher than that recorded for PS while the kinetic constant for gas production by S8 was 1.8-fold greater than that of PS. It is concluded that a pre-treatment combining anaerobic digestion at low SRT and alkaline solubilisation would lead to improved performance in subsequent stages of anaerobic digestion and, consequently, increased efficiency in biogas production.

Biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater from the antibiotics industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lefebvre ◽  
X. Shi ◽  
C. H. Wu ◽  
H. Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Discharge Regulation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pharmaceutical wastewater generated by an antibiotics (penicillin) company was treated by aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). At a low organic loading rate of 0.22 kg-COD m−3d−1, both types of reactors were capable of treating the wastewater such that the treated effluent met the discharge regulation except for the total dissolved solids. However, when the loading rate was increased to 2.92 kg-COD m−3d−1, foaming issues resulted in unstable performance. Overall, the MBRs achieved better solid removal but the SBRs performed better in regards to the degradation of aromatic compounds, as determined by UV absorbance (UVA). Finally, ozonation was applied on two different streams and showed promise on the strong stream – that corresponds to the formulation effluent and contains most of the biorefractory compounds. Ozonation successfully reduced the UVA, lowered the pH and increased the biochemical oxygen demand : chemical oxygen demand (BOD5 : COD) ratio of the strong stream. However, it was less efficient on the effluent having undergone pre-treatment by a biofilter due to a lack of selectivity towards refractory compounds.

Cost-effective pre-treatment of wastewater

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Fatma A. El-Gohary ◽  
Fayza A. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Pre Treatment

The implementation of low-cost, simple mitigation measures is required for the timely control and sustainable management of pollution problems in developing countries. Recently, the use of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment has received a growing attention since they represent an alternative cost-effective approach for removal of pollutants. Therefore, evaluation of the performance of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor, as a pre-treatment step for industrial as well as domestic wastewater was the subject of this study. The results obtained showed that the performance of one-stage UASB at 8hrs hydraulic retention time (HRT) for domestic wastewater treatment was quite satisfactory. CODtot and BODtot removal values averaged 77% and 83%. Comparison of the performance of a one-stage versus two-stage reactor, having the same volume and operated at the same HRT (8 hr) and biomass concentration indicated an improvement in the quality of the two-stage effluent. With regard to the wastewater discharged from a potato-chips factory, the use of one-stage UASB at a detention time of 18hrs and an average organic load of 2.9 kg BOD/m3/d gave good results. Average residual values of COD, BOD, TSS and oil and grease in the treated effluent were 650, 342, 203 and 63 mg/l, respectively. Operation of a two-stage pilot-scale UASB indicated better performance as expressed by COD and BOD removal values.

Substrate removal kinetics and performance assessment of a vermifilter bioreactor under organic shock load conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
K. S. Hari Prasad ◽  
Nitin Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Shock Loads ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
And Performance

In the present study, the effect of short-term organic shock loads (675, 799, 1,084 and 1,410 mg COD/L) on the treatment performance of a pilot-scale vermifilter (VF), employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida and treating synthetic domestic wastewater is investigated. The effect of organic shock loads on the performance and stability of vermifiltration reactor was evaluated to identify its feasibility in actual field conditions. Prior to the application of each organic shock load, normal loading conditions were maintained to achieve the pseudo steady state (PSS) conditions. The results showed satisfactory endurance against imposed organic shock loads with negligible reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and it was almost similar to PSS condition with removal efficiencies of ∼ 66, 71, 67 and 68%, respectively. The experimental COD data fit well to first-order kinetic model, with a regression value of 0.95. At the end of all shock loads, the nutritional analysis of vermicompost obtained from the top layer of VF, showed increased concentration of total nitrogen (∼31 g/Kg) and total phosphorus (29 g/Kg). Besides, an augmented earthworm biomass, ∼23.2% on weight basis and ∼22% on number basis, was observed at the end of the study.

scholarly journals Sequencing batch reactor process for the removal of nitrogen from anaerobically treated domestic wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pelaz ◽  
A. Gómez ◽  
A. Letona ◽  
G. Garralón ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract This work presents the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system used as a means of removing nitrogen from domestic wastewater containing a low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio due to pre-treatment with an anaerobic reactor. The aim of the work was to determine the feasibility of this system for the removal of nitrogen from the domestic wastewater. An SBR with a working volume of 5 L was investigated at different cycle times of 12, 8 and 6 h, at 18 °C. The efficiency of the SBR varied together with the duration of the cycle, where the optimum performance was seen in the 6 h cycle with the anoxic–aerobic–anoxic sequence. Due to the low quantity of organic matter present in the domestic wastewater after the anaerobic treatment, an additional supply of external carbon was necessary before the second anoxic stage. The removal efficiencies obtained were: 98% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 84% for total nitrogen and 77% for soluble COD. The reactor was thus shown to be viable, and it was concluded that this process may be successfully applied as a post-treatment for the removal of nitrogen from anaerobically treated domestic wastewater.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibacterial Sulfanilamide from Aqueous Solution Using TiO2 Nanocatalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Ghahremani
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Low Concentrations

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfanilamide (SNM) as a kind of pollutant agent through titanium dioxide nano particles (TiO2) under UV irradiation was evaluated. The effect of different parameters, such as TiO2 and SNM concentrations, amount of pH, inorganic salt and type of light source on the reaction rate was investigated. The results show that SNM was completely removed from the solution after 60 min under UV irradiation. Furthermore, kinetic studied were performed at 25°C over different ranges of SNM concentrations from 100 to 300 ppm, TiO2 concentrations from 0.05 to 1 gL-1 and pH of suspensions from 3 to 11. In this range of concentration of materials, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model can describe the process. An overall pseudo-first order kinetic constant was calculated for sulfanilamide conversion. The optimum TiO2 loading, which provides enough surface area for reaction without irradiation loss due to scattering of UV light, was found to be 0.1gL-1, and SNM concentration was100 ppm. Higher degradation efficiency of SNM was observed at pH=9. Finally, the results of this work proved that photocatalysis of SNM is a promising technology to reduce persistent substances even if they are present in low concentrations.

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