scholarly journals Enhanced degradation of micropollutants by zero-valent aluminum activated persulfate: assessment of toxicity and genotoxic activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3195-3204 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Olmez-Hanci ◽  
I. Arslan-Alaton ◽  
M. Doğan ◽  
S. Khoei ◽  
H. Fakhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Relative Inhibition ◽  
Activated Persulfate ◽  
Enhanced Degradation

Abstract Advanced oxidation of the aqueous Triton™ X-45 (TX-45), iopamidol (IOPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and bisphenol A (BPA) solutions via activation of persulfate (PS) with zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) was investigated. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/ZVA process in terms of target micropollutants (MPs) and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). TX-45, CIP and BPA were completely degraded after 90-minute, 120-minute and 40-minute treatment, respectively, with PS/ZVA in DW, whereas 95% IOPA removal was achieved after 120-minute (MPs = 2 mg/L; ZVA = 1 g/L; PS = 0.25 mM for CIP and BPA; PS = 0.50 mM for TX-45 and IOPA; pH = 3). TX-45 (59%), IOPA (29%), CIP (73%) and BPA (46%) removal efficiencies decreased after 120-minute PS/ZVA treatment in RSW. In DW, Vibrio fischeri toxicities of original (untreated) MPs were found as: CIP (51%) > BPA (40%) > TX-45 (15%) > IOPA (1%), and as BPA (100%) > CIP (66%) > IOPA (62%) > TX-45 (35%) in RSW. Acute toxicities of MPs and their degradation products fluctuated during PS/ZVA treatment both in DW and RSW samples and resulted in different relative inhibition values after 120-minute. The original and PS/ZVA-treated TX-45, IOPA and BPA in DW exhibited neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, whereas CIP oxidation ended up in degradation products with genotoxic effects.

Persulfate-mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Water Using Ultraviolet Light and Zero-valent Aluminum

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Tugba Olmez-Hanci ◽  
Idil Arslan-Alaton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Uv C

Aims: The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/UV-C, PS/ZVA and PS/ZVA/UV-C processes in terms of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone type commercially important antibiotic, and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). Background: The occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP), the most widely prescribed second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, even at trace level (ng/L) gives rise to antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes, which can further impair the selection of genetic variants of microorganisms and impose adverse effect on human health. Objective: The degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin with UV-C (PS/UV-C) and ZVA (PS/ZVA) activated PS oxidation systems were investigated in distilled water (DW) and raw (untreated) surface water (RSW) samples. Moreover, CIP degradation with the PS/ZVA/UV-C heterogeneous photochemical treatment combination was also studied. Methods: The process performances of the investigated treatment systems were evaluated in terms of CIP abatement and PS consumption rates as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies. The influence of common inorganic ions and natural organic matter (NOM) on CIP degradation was evaluated. Radical quenching experiments were conducted using probe compounds in order to elucidate the dominant reaction mechanism. In addition, acute toxicity of the original CIP and its degradation products were questioned by employing Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri), the marine photobacterium, under optimized treatment conditions. Results: CIP was completely degraded in distilled water (DW) and raw (untreated) surface water (RSW) samples after 15 min of treatment with the PS/UV-C process (PS=0.25mM; pH=3; UVC= 2.7W/m2). PS/UV-C experiments conducted with RSW at its natural pH (=8.5) resulted in 98% CIP and practically no DOC removal whereas 56% DOC was removed at pH 3 after 120 min. Radical quenching studies revealed that sulfate radicals prevailed over hydroxyl radicals. CIP degradation was significantly inhibited by the presence of humic acid due to the effect of UV absorption and free radical quenching. Acute toxicity tests with V. fischeri exhibited fluctuating trends throughout the investigated processes and did not change appreciably after 120 min of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that PS/UV-C is superior to the PS/ZVA and PS/ZVA/UV-C treatment systems for both DW and RSW samples in terms of CIP removal rates. No additional positive effect was evident for simultaneous catalytic and photochemical PS activation (PS/ZVA/UV-C treatment system). It could be also demonstrated that the selected oxidation processes conducted in pure water might give an idea about the advanced treatment systems but realistic conditions with actual water/wastewater matrices still need to be further investigated to verify their feasibility and ecotoxicological safety.

Screening of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in water supplies of Cyprus

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos C. Makris ◽  
Shane A. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Finished Surface

Cyprus is currently the leading country in antibiotic consumption among all European Union member countries and is likely to have a high consumption of pharmaceuticals overall. This reconnaissance type of project sought to investigate the occurrence of 16 pharmaceuticals, six known or suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), two flame retardants, one insect repellant, and one fragrance for the first time in water supplies of Cyprus. Groundwater samples from sites that were located beneath farms scattered around Cyprus, wastewater influent and tertiary-treated effluent, raw and finished surface water, and household potable water samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Most of the tested compounds were < minimum reporting limit, except for ibuprofen (mean of 1.4 ng L−1) and bisphenol A (mean of 50 ng L−1), which were detected in more than one out of the five groundwater sampling sites. Certain compounds were found in large concentrations in the wastewater influent (caffeine 82,000 ng L−1, sulfamethoxazole 240 ng L−1, ibuprofen 4,300 ng L−1, and triclosan 480 ng L−1). However, several pharmaceuticals and EDCs were detected in the tertiary-treated effluent (recycled water). For the raw and finished surface water, and potable water samples, ibuprofen was detected, whereas, bisphenol-A was measured in only potable water. Overall, with a few notable exceptions, source, finished and potable water had rare detection or low concentration of target compounds, but further research is needed to elucidate the temporal and spatial distribution of the detected emerging contaminants along with the characterization of the related public health risk.

scholarly journals Clarification of superficial waters of the magdalena river using seeds of Tamarindus indica as bio-coagulants

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Saúl David Buelvas-Caro ◽  
Yelitza del Rosario Aguas-Mendoza ◽  
Rafael Enrique Olivero-Verbel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Magdalena River

Biocoagulants have emerged as an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative to surface water clarification, allowing the use of agro-industrial waste as a bioavailable source for the treatment of high turbidity water. The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency in the surface water coagulation process of the Magdalena river using aluminum sulfate and tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) dissolved in aqueous solution and saline solution. The clarification process was carried out by testing jar, for this was performed an extraction of the hot and cold tamarind coagulant which were evaluated in conjunction with an inorganic coagulant in different mother dilutions (distilled water and saline) at concentrations of 35 and 40 mg/L and at a stirring speed of 100 and 200 rpm. The parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (S/cm), turbidity (NTU) and color (UPC) were measured during the clarification process. The results show a 97.2% reduction in inorganic treatment (SAL) compared to initial turbidity and a decrease in natural cold extracted (STF) and hot (STC) treatments of 58.2% and 39.1% respectively, when diluted in aqueous solution. While diluting in saline solution there was a greater removal of turbidity when applying aluminum sulfate, followed by STF and STC treatment, with removal values of 99%, 75% and 53% respectively. The highest coagulating activity occurred when applying a dose of 40mg/L and when diluting treatments in NaCl with maximum reported values for SAL, STF and STC treatment of 93%, 85% and 59%. Tamarind seeds proved to be an efficient coagulant for water clarification

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