scholarly journals Effect of reagents used during detection and quantification of Ascaris suum in environmental samples on egg viability

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2389-2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Dennis Amoah ◽  
Poovendhree Reddy ◽  
Thor Axel Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major health concern globally. Infection is mostly through contact with contaminated water, food or soil. Therefore to break the cycle of viable transmission STH eggs must be quantitatively detected in the environment. The effect of different reagents on the viability of Ascaris suum eggs during laboratory detection and quantification was assessed and different incubation solutions compared. Sulphuric acid gave a slightly higher recovery percentage of viable eggs (91.2%) than distilled water (90.0%) and 0.5% formalin (87.6%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Acetoacetic acid, ethyl acetate, ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and Tween 80, are reagents widely used in test protocols for the detection and quantification of STH eggs. Eggs were exposed to these reagents for different time durations. Acetoacetic acid resulted in the highest loss of viability (3.4 ± 0.7% viable), while magnesium sulphate resulted in the least effect (88.5 ± 1.2% viable). In conclusion the use of the selected reagents in the detection of these eggs was found to affect the viability of exposed eggs, especially during prolonged exposures. Therefore we recommended that eggs be exposed for ≤5 minutes, to reduce the risk of viability loss.

The Impact of Adolescent Obesity on Adult Height

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Rachel Bello ◽  
Yael Lebenthal ◽  
Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan ◽  
Moshe Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Childhood obesity is a major health concern. Excess adiposity during childhood affects growth and puberty. Our aim was to assess whether genetic adult height is compromised in adolescents with obesity. Methods: In a retrospective study of 190 obese patients followed at our Pediatric Endocrinology Institute, adult height and delta height (the difference between adult height and mid-parental height) were compared to those of 150 healthy age-matched normal-weight controls. Review of medical files yielded the relevant clinical and anthropometric data of patients, controls, and parents. Results: Of the 190 obese adolescents, 150 were morbidly obese. The median adult height of morbidly obese males was 174.3 cm, of obese males 174 cm, and of normal-weight males 176 cm (p = 0.025). Delta height of morbidly obese males was –0.5 cm, of obese males –0.8 cm, and of normal-weight males, 3 cm (p < 0.0001). The median adult height of morbidly obese females was 161.3 cm, of obese females 162.8 cm, and of normal-weight females 162 cm (p = 0.37). Delta height of morbidly obese females was –1.85 cm, of obese females –0.95 cm, and of normal-weight females 0.7 cm (p = 0.019). Impairment of potential genetic height was not associated with obesity-related comorbidities. Conclusion: Adolescents with obesity showed impairment of potential genetic adult height as compared to that of normal-weight subjects.

scholarly journals Malocclusion in Children with and without Cleft Palate - A case - Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Thiviya Raaj ◽  
Vignesh Ravindran ◽  
Sri Sakthi D
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

There is a principle agreement that malocclusion is a major health concern as it is the third most common oral disease, next only to dental caries and periodontal disease. As it is a major challenge for even normally abled children to handle these problems, questions arise as to the difference in the extent or severity of manifestation of malocclusion in the oral cavity of patients with cleft palate. The study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children with and without cleft palate. A sample size of 18 case sheets was reviewed for malocclusion in children with cleft only. The data was obtained from record management software of a private dental institute. Data was analysed using SPSS software, and Mann-Whitney was done. The results were recorded. Children with cleft palate showed higher incidence of malocclusion when compared to children without cleft palate. Within the limitations of the present study, children with cleft palate (case) showed a higher incidence of malocclusion than the control group.

scholarly journals Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Environmental Detection ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Equine Herpesviruses ◽  
Important Disease

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) are a major health concern for domestic and wild equids and represent one of the most economically important disease agents of horses. Most known EHVs are transmitted directly between individuals as a result of direct exposure to exudates and aerosols. However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental transmission may play a role including air, water, and fomites. Here, we reviewed studies on environmental stability and transmission of EHVs, which may influence viral dynamics and the use of environmental samples for monitoring EHV shedding.

scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3026
Author(s):  
Hyuk Moon ◽  
Simon-Weonsang Ro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Genetic Events

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.

Paclitaxel Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Uterine Leiomyomas

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Liu ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Lianbing Sheng ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Ning Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Uterine Leiomyomas ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Gynecological Tumors ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Apoptosis Level

Uterine leiomyomas are common clinical gynecological tumors, which are a major health concern for many women. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) on uterine leiomyomas. A mouse model of uterine leiomyomas was established by estradiol benzoate, followed by treatment with increasing doses of PTX. PTX showed no dose-limiting toxicity that affected the survival of mice, and was able to restore the apoptosis level of uterus tissues of the model mice to normal levels. In this study, we discovered that PTX played a critical role in promoting apoptosis in the mouse model of uterine leiomyomas, which provides a new insight into the therapy of uterine leiomyomas.

scholarly journals Salmonella Heidelberg Strain Responses to Essential Oil Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliany Rivera Calo ◽  
Christopher A. Baker ◽  
Si Hong Park ◽  
Steven C. Ricke
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Orange Oil ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Strain Responses

<em>Salmonella</em> are one of the more prominent foodborne pathogens that represent a major health risk to humans. <em>Salmonella </em>serovar Heidelberg strains are increasingly becoming an important public health concern, since they have been identified as one of the primary <em>Salmonella </em>serovars responsible for human outbreaks. Over the years, <em>Salmonella </em>Heidelberg isolates have exhibited higher rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents compared to other <em>Salmonella </em>serovars. Essential oils (EOs) have been widely used as alternatives to chemical-based antimicrobials. In the current research, five EOs were screened to determine their antimicrobial activity against 15 <em>S. </em>Heidelberg strains from different sources. Oils tested were R(+)-limonene, orange terpenes, cold compressed orange oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol. EOs were stabilized in nutrient broth by adding 0.15% (w/v) agar. Tube dilution assays and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by observing color changes in samples during exposure to EOs. Carvacrol and <em>trans-</em>cinnamaldehyde completely inhibited the growth of <em>S.</em> Heidelberg strains, while R(+)-limonene and orange terpenes did not show any inhibitory activity against the strains tested. Cold compressed orange oil only inhibited growth of two of the strains exhibiting an MIC of 1%. All <em>S</em>. Heidelberg isolates evaluated exhibited similar responses to the respective EOs. The use of all natural antimicrobials such as specific EOs offers the potential to limit the majority of <em>S. </em>Heidelberg isolates that may occur in food production.

scholarly journals How to Clear HBV cccDNA: CRISPR/Cas9 Might Be Promising

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wen Ren ◽  
Jing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Hbv Cccdna ◽  
B Virus

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B infected with Hepatitis B virus remains a major health concern worldwide. Despite standard interferon-&alpha; and nucleotide analogues have been shown to reduce the deterioration of liver disease among chronic hepatitis B patients, covalently closed circular DNA was still difficult to eradicate. METHODS: A literature search of Pubmed and Web of science was performed with the following key words: &lsquo;CRISPR&rsquo;, &lsquo;CRISPR/Cas9&rsquo;, &lsquo;hepatitis B&rsquo;, &lsquo;HBV&rsquo;, &lsquo;chronic hepatitis B&rsquo; and &lsquo;HBV cccDNA&rsquo;. The information about CRISPR/Cas9 for the treatment of HBV cccDNA or hepatitis B was reviewed. RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 could treat hepatitis B through suppressing or clearing HBV cccDNA with different gRNAs. CONCLUSION: With the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 (the RNA-guided clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR) editing technology, clearance of hepatitis B virus and better prevention of liver carcinoma seemed to be possible.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effect of Prunes in Improving Bone in Men

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Kelli S. George ◽  
Joseph Munoz ◽  
Lauren T. Ormsbee ◽  
Neda S. Akhavan ◽  
Elizabeth M. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Osteoporosis is a major health concern in aging populations, where 54% of the U.S. population aged 50 and older have low bone mineral density (BMD). Increases in inflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the development of osteoporosis. Men are at a greater risk of mortality due to osteoporosis-related fractures. Our earlier findings in rodent male and female models of osteoporosis, as well as postmenopausal women strongly suggest the efficacy of prunes (dried plum) in reducing inflammation and preventing/reversing bone loss. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two doses of prunes, daily, on biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in men with some degree of bone loss (BMD; t-score between −0.1 and −2.5 SD), for three months. Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 years were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g prunes, 50 g prunes, or control. Consumption of 100 g prunes led to a significant decrease in serum osteocalcin (p < 0.001). Consumption of 50 g prunes led to significant decreases in serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) (p = 0.003) and serum osteocalcin (p = 0.040), and an increase in the OPG:RANKL ratio (p = 0.041). Regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g prunes for three months may positively affect bone turnover.

scholarly journals An Algerian perspective on non-typhoidal Salmonella infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (08) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Bilal Djeghout ◽  
Ammar Ayachi ◽  
Bianca Paglietti ◽  
Gemma C. Langridge ◽  
Salvatore Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
And Control

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) represents a leading cause of food-borne disease worldwide. It is a global public health concern: more than 94 million cases and 115,000 deaths are reported every year, with a disproportionate impact in developing countries. The prevalence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains is another major health concern which affects antimicrobial treatment, as many studies report that infections caused by MDR strains are more severe than those caused by susceptible strains. In Algeria, NTS represent one of the primary causes of salmonellosis in both humans and food animal production, especially poultry. Epidemiological surveillance systems and monitoring programs for Salmonella infections are essential requirements to provide data useful for the effective detection and control of Salmonella outbreaks. The present review will supply a perspective on NTS infection, pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance with a focus on the epidemiology of salmonellosis in Algeria.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety among University Students: a Comparison Between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-Panic Period in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowranga Kumar Paul ◽  
Meshbahur Rahman ◽  
Shayla Naznin ◽  
Mashfiqul Haq Chowdhury ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Abstract Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health concern. It harmed everyone, both physically and mentally. Because of panic situations in COVID-19 pandemic, students all over the world, including those in Bangladesh, are suffering from depression and anxiety. Considering this, we aimed to assess psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety effects during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n=170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n=170). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to assess respondents' depression and anxiety levels, respectively. We used continuous scores to assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also computed binary depression and anxiety scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% during the panic period and 52.4% after the panic period. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and this percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. Depression levels increased in the post-panic period and urban students have significantly (P< 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxious symptoms (p=0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly vary by family types, students place of residence whereas students age, gender, education, family head's occupation, time period and family economic condition found no significant association with the depression.Conclusions: Students during the post-panic period have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than during the panic period. Although the difference was small, it was still concerning for university students in Bangladesh because it interfered with their academic life.

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