Fabrication of sulfated nanofilter membrane based on carboxymethyl cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2611-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Gasemloo ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi ◽  
Morteza Khosravi ◽  
Siavoush Dastmalchi ◽  
Parvin Gharbani
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Pyridine Complex ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Sulfating Agent

The aim of this study is to prepare sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) nanofilter membrane using sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (SO3/pyridine) as sulfating agent and glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent onto polysulfone supporting membrane. The prepared nanofilter was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and zeta potential. To evaluate the prepared nanofilter, various amounts of SO3/Pyridine were used and efficiency of them was investigated. The results showed that increasing the sulfate groups raised the flux from 13.87 to 29.54 L/(m2·h−1), whereas percentage rejection was increased during the separation of salt aqueous solutions and then decreased. It can be concluded that, SCMC-GA-2 (with molar ratio of SO3/pyridine to CMC of 1) shows high separation efficiency in acidic conditions and improves the hydrophilicity and charge density of the filter.

scholarly journals Preparation And Properties Of Bionanocomposite Films Reinforced With Nanocellulose Isolated From Moroccan Alfa Fibres

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyoussif Youssef ◽  
Aboulhrouz Soumia ◽  
El Achaby Mounir ◽  
Cherkaoui Omar ◽  
Lallam Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bionanocomposite Films

AbstractNanocellulose (NC) were extracted from the Moroccan Alfa plant (Stipa tenacissima L.) and characterised. These Alfa cellulosic nanoparticles were used as reinforcing phase to prepare bionanocomposite films using carboxymethyl cellulose as matrix. These films were obtained by the casting/evaporation method. The crystallinity of NC was analysed by X-ray diffraction, the dimension of NC by atomic force microscopy, molecular interactions due to incorporation of NC in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix were supported by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The properties of the ensuing bionanocomposite films were investigated using tensile tests, water vapour permeability (WVP) study and thermogravimetric analysis. With the progress of purification treatment of cellulose, the crystallinity is improved compared to the untreated fibres; this can be explained by the disappearance of the amorphous areas in cellulose chain of the plant. Consequently, the tensile modulus and tensile strength of CMC film increased by 60 and 47%, respectively, in the bionanocomposite films with 10 wt% of NC, and decrease by 8.6% for WVP with the same content of NC. The NC obtained from the Moroccan Alfa fibres can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of bionanocomposites, and they have a high potential for the development of completely biodegradable food packaging materials.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization

Gels ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Bijender Kumar ◽  
Ruchir Priyadarshi ◽  
Sauraj ◽  
Farha Deeba ◽  
Anurag Kulshreshtha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sodium Acrylate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Potential Applications

Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl3. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

Low Molecular Weight Microfibers with Light Sensing Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Andrei Bejan ◽  
Dragos Peptanariu ◽  
Bogdan Chiricuta ◽  
Elena Bicu ◽  
Dalila Belei
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

Microfibers were obtained from organic low molecular weight compounds based on heteroaromatic and aromatic rings connected by aliphatic spacers. The obtaining of microfibers was proved by scanning electron microscopy. The deciphering of the mechanism of microfiber formation has been elucidated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. By exciting with light of different wavelength, florescence microscopy revealed a specific optical response, recommending these materials for light sensing applications.

Structural and Optical Properties of InAsSbBi Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Offcut GaSb Substrates

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Rajeev R. Kosireddy ◽  
Stephen T. Schaefer ◽  
Marko S. Milosavljevic ◽  
Shane R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interface Quality ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lateral Variations

Three InAsSbBi samples are grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 400 °C on GaSb substrates with three different offcuts: (100) on-axis, (100) offcut 1° toward [011], and (100) offcut 4° toward [011]. The samples are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Nomarski optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The InAsSbBi layers are 210 nm thick, coherently strained, and show no observable defects. The substrate offcut is not observed to influence the structural and interface quality of the samples. Each sample exhibits small lateral variations in the Bi mole fraction, with the largest variation observed in the on-axis growth. Bismuth rich surface droplet features are observed on all samples. The surface droplets are isotropic on the on-axis sample and elongated along the [011¯] step edges on the 1° and 4° offcut samples. No significant change in optical quality with offcut angle is observed.

scholarly journals Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-984
Author(s):  
Mayya V. Kulikova ◽  
Albert B. Kulikov ◽  
Alexey E. Kuz’min ◽  
Anton L. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
And Function ◽  
Metal Polymer

AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.

scholarly journals Influence of Growth Temperature of the Nucleation Layer on the Growth of InP on Si (001)

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Shizheng Yang ◽  
Hongliang Lv ◽  
Likun Ai ◽  
Fangkun Tian ◽  
Silu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Layer ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Microscopy Images

InP layers grown on Si (001) were achieved by the two-step growth method using gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of growth temperature of nucleation layer on InP/Si epitaxial growth were investigated systematically. Cross-section morphology, surface morphology and crystal quality were characterized by scanning electron microscope images, atomic force microscopy images, high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), rocking curves and reciprocal space maps. The InP/Si interface and surface became smoother and the XRD peak intensity was stronger with the nucleation layer grown at 350 °C. The Results show that the growth temperature of InP nucleation layer can significantly affect the growth process of InP film, and the optimal temperature of InP nucleation layer is required to realize a high-quality wafer-level InP layers on Si (001).

ANNEALING TIME EFFECT ON NANOSTRUCTURED n-ZnO/p-Si HETEROJUNCTION PHOTODETECTOR PERFORMANCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550027 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADIR. F. HABUBI ◽  
RAID. A. ISMAIL ◽  
WALID K. HAMOUDI ◽  
HASSAM. R. ABID
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Time ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Junction Type ◽  
P Type ◽  
Quartz Substrates ◽  
Two Peaks

In this work, n- ZnO /p- Si heterojunction photodetectors were prepared by drop casting of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on single crystal p-type silicon substrates, followed by (15–60) min; step-annealing at 600∘C. Structural, electrical, and optical properties of the ZnO NPs films deposited on quartz substrates were studied as a function of annealing time. X-ray diffraction studies showed a polycrystalline, hexagonal wurtizte nanostructured ZnO with preferential orientation along the (100) plane. Atomic force microscopy measurements showed an average ZnO grain size within the range of 75.9 nm–99.9 nm with a corresponding root mean square (RMS) surface roughness between 0.51 nm–2.16 nm. Dark and under illumination current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the n- ZnO /p- Si heterojunction photodetectors showed an improving rectification ratio and a decreasing saturation current at longer annealing time with an ideality factor of 3 obtained at 60 min annealing time. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of heterojunctions were investigated in order to estimate the built-in-voltage and junction type. The photodetectors, fabricated at optimum annealing time, exhibited good linearity characteristics. Maximum sensitivity was obtained when ZnO / Si heterojunctions were annealed at 60 min. Two peaks of response, located at 650 nm and 850 nm, were observed with sensitivities of 0.12–0.19 A/W and 0.18–0.39 A/W, respectively. Detectivity of the photodetectors as function of annealing time was estimated.

Nanocrystalline Solutions as Precursors to The Spray Deposition of Cdte Thin Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pehnt ◽  
Douglas L. Schulz ◽  
Calvin J. Curtis ◽  
Helio R. Moutinho ◽  
Amy Swartzlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cdte Nanoparticles ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Cdte Thin Films

ABSTRACTIn this article we report the first nanoparticle-derived route to smooth, dense, phase-pure CdTe thin films. Capped CdTe nanoparticles were prepared by injection of a mixture of Cd(CH3)2, (n-C8H17)3 PTe and (n-C8H17)3P into (n-C8H17)3PO at elevated temperatures. The resultant nanoparticles 32-45 Å in diameter were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. CdTe thin film deposition was accomplished by dissolving CdTe nanoparticles in butanol and then spraying the solution onto SnO2-coated glass substrates at variable susceptor temperatures. Smooth and dense CdTe thin films were obtained using growth temperatures approximately 200 °C less than conventional spray pyrolysis approaches. CdTe films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. An increase in crystallinity and average grain size as determined by x-ray diffraction was noted as growth temperature was increased from 240 to 300 °C. This temperature dependence of film grain size was further confirmed by atomic force microscopy with no remnant nanocrystalline morphological features detected. UV-Vis characterization of the CdTe thin films revealed a gradual decrease of the band gap (i.e., elimination of nanocrystalline CdTe phase) as the growth temperature was increased with bulk CdTe optical properties observed for films grown at 300 °C.

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