Linking nitrification characteristic and microbial community structures in integrated fixed film activated sludge reactor by high-throughput sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jie Tan ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zishan Pang ◽  
Zhongtian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Community Structures ◽  
Fixed Film

The primary goal of this study is to investigate ammonia removal, abundance of nitrifying bacteria and microbial community structures in a laboratory-scale integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. The results of Illumina MiSeq sequencing based on 16S rRNA genes showed Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in both biofilm and suspended sludge samples in the IFAS reactor. The dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species was Nitrosomonas and the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria species was Nitrospira. The contribution of biofilm to ammonia removal increased from 4.0 ± 0.9% to 37.0 ± 2% when the temperature decreased from 25 °C to 10 °C. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result showed the abundance of AOB in suspended sludge was higher than that in biofilm at the same time. However, nitrification is more dependent on attached growth than on suspended growth in the IFAS reactor at 15 °C and 10 °C and the abundance of AOB in biofilm was also higher than that in suspended sludge. The more robust ammonia removal rate at low temperatures by biofilm contributed to the relatively stable ammonia removal, and biofilm attached on carriers in the IFAS reactor is advantageous for nitrification in low-temperature environment.

scholarly journals Biochar and compost effects on soil microbial communities and nitrogen induced respiration in turfgrass soils

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242209
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Jonathan Montgomery ◽  
David Crowley ◽  
Milton E. McGiffen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Microbial Community Structures

We examined the effect of a labile soil amendment, compost, and recalcitrant biochar on soil microbial community structure, diversity, and activity during turfgrass establishment. Two application rates of biochar (B1 at 12.5 t ha-1and B2 at 25 t ha-1), a 5 centimeter (cm) green waste compost treatment (CM) in top soil, a treatment with 12.5 t ha-1 biochar and 5 cm compost (B1+CM), and an unamended control (CK) treatment were prepared and seeded with tall fescue. Overall, results of phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) profiling and Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from soil DNA revealed significant shifts in microbial community structures in the compost amended soils whereas in biochar amended soils communities were more similar to the control, unamended soil. Similarly, increases in enzymatic rates (6–56%) and nitrogen-induced respiration (94%) were all largest in compost amended soils, with biochar amended soils exhibiting similar patterns to the control soils. Both biochar and compost amendments impacted microbial community structures and functions, but compost amendment, whether applied alone or co-applied with biochar, exhibited the strongest shifts in the microbial community metrics examined. Our results suggest application of compost to soils in need of microbiome change (reclamation projects) or biochar when the microbiome is functioning and long-term goals such as carbon sequestration are more desirable.

scholarly journals Bioaugmentation of Activated Sludge by an Indigenous 3-Chloroaniline-Degrading Comamonas testosteroni Strain, I2gfp

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2906-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Boon ◽  
Johan Goris ◽  
Paul De Vos ◽  
Willy Verstraete ◽  
Eva M. Top
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni

ABSTRACT A strain identified as Comamonas testosteroni I2 was isolated from activated sludge and found to be able to mineralize 3-chloroaniline (3-CA). During the mineralization, a yellow intermediate accumulated temporarily, due to the distalmeta-cleavage of chlorocatechol. This strain was tested for its ability to clean wastewater containing 3-CA upon inoculation into activated sludge. To monitor its survival, the strain was chromosomally marked with the gfp gene and designated I2gfp. After inoculation into a lab-scale semicontinuous activated-sludge (SCAS) system, the inoculated strain maintained itself in the sludge for at least 45 days and was present in the sludge flocs. After an initial adaptation period of 6 days, complete degradation of 3-CA was obtained during 2 weeks, while no degradation at all occurred in the noninoculated control reactor. Upon further operation of the SCAS system, only 50% 3-CA removal was observed. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes revealed a dynamic change in the microbial community structure of the activated sludge. The DGGE patterns of the noninoculated and the inoculated reactors evolved after 7 days to different clusters, which suggests an effect of strain inoculation on the microbial community structure. The results indicate that bioaugmentation, even with a strain originating from that ecosystem and able to effectively grow on a selective substrate, is not permanent and will probably require regular resupplementation.

Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations in full-scale sewage activated sludge systems and assessment of system variables affecting their performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Limpiyakorn ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
O. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Pcr Primer

This study carried out quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations in 12 full-scale sewage activated sludge systems that were different in ammonia removals and treatment processes during three different seasons. Experiment was divided into 3 parts: 1) analysis of AOB communities by PCR-DGGE-cloning-sequencing of 16S rRNA genes; 2) development of four real-time PCR primer sets for quantification of the particular AOB of interest; and 3) quantification of AOB populations by using the newly developed real-time PCR primer sets. The results suggested that all the primer sets gave good reproducibility and specificity for PCR amplification with the detection limits of 102 copies/PCR reaction. Although the 12 systems were different in several aspects, one of the identified sequence types of Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster was the dominant AOB in every system and every season studied. However, the other sequence type of this cluster was not significantly involved in ammonia removals in the systems. The occurrence of N. communis cluster in the systems seemed to depend on the remaining oxygen concentrations in the sludge floc and thus the activity of aerobic heterotrophs in the aeration tanks. N. europaea–Nitrosococcus. mobilis solely existed in one A2O system of which the influent contained twice the chloride concentrations than those of other systems.

Effects of Hg2+ on Microbial Community Structures of Aerobic Activated Sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Ning Dai ◽  
Jin Sheng Wang ◽  
Yan Guo Teng ◽  
Jie Su
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Obvious Change ◽  
Microbial Community Structures ◽  
Operation Period

The effects of Hg2+ on microbial community structures of aerobic activated sludge were investigated by nested PCR-DGGE techniques. The results showed that the microbial community of each group might have obvious change compared with the group without Hg2+ in the inflow, especially when the Hg2+ concentration was 46.87mg/L in the inflow, and the microbial community changed obviously with the extend of operation time. The variance of microbial species become obvious in each activated sludge group with the extend of operation time. Compared with the group without Hg2+ in the inflow, the dominant microbial species of each activated sludge group changed, and the dominant microbial species of the group whose concentration of Hg2+ increased gradually in the inflow had the biggest changes after 60 days. Hg2+ in the inflow may stimulate the growth of Actinomycetes after an operation period of 30 days.

Application of molecular methods to microbial community analysis of activated sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Onuki ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Mino ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Community Structures ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

In the last decade, molecular biology has made significant progress, and innovative molecular methods have become available to analyze microbial community structures. Among them, we applied the FISH (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization) method to analyze activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As a result, domain- or division-level community structures in activated sludge were determined successfully without cultivation. We also applied the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) -DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) method for laboratory nitrifying sludge in order to investigate more detailed microbial community structure. By this method, genus- or species-level community structures were characterized well. This method was also found to be powerful for monitoring the change of microbial community structures. For example, the behavior of Nitrosomonas group was successfully detected in the reactor with nitrification by the PCR-DGGE method.

Linking floc structure and settling properties to activated sludge population dynamics in an SBR

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Govoreanu ◽  
D. Seghers ◽  
I. Nopens ◽  
B. De Clercq ◽  
H. Saveyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Stable Conditions

Over a period of 227 days properties of activated sludge grown in an aequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under stable conditions were analyzed. Settling properties (sludge volume index (SVI)) of the activated sludge were compared with on-line measurements of floc size and size distribution obtained by using a laser light scattering technique (Malvern Mastersizer/S, Malvern, UK), and with measurements of microbial community dynamics analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns of 16S rRNA genes. In addition, microscopical observations were used to confirm the results. Three distinct stages in the SBR evolution were observed. In the first stage the structural floc properties showed predominant presence of floc-forming bacteria in the activated sludge. A good correlation between floc size, settling properties and microbial community evolution was observed. The second stage showed a good balance between floc-forming and filamentous bacteria, with good settling properties and a highly dynamic community in the SBR. In the third stage, an increase in the filamentous bacteria, which became predominant in the system was observed. Again, a good correlation between settling properties and floc size distribution was obtained and a new dominant species was observed in the DGGE patterns, which can be assumed to be a filamentous organism.

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